Effect of rice straw biochar and irrigation on growth, dry matter yield and radiation‐use efficiency of maize grown on an Acrisol in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Oppong Danso ◽  
Adam Yakubu ◽  
Emmanuel Arthur ◽  
Edward B. Sabi ◽  
Stephen Abenney‐Mickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rice Straw Biochar ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

scholarly journals Dry matter yield and radiation use efficiency of four autumn sown top flowering annual clovers

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nori ◽  
D.J. Moot ◽  
A.D. Black
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Trifolium Vesiculosum ◽  
Radiation Use

Monocultures of arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum), balansa (T. michelianum), gland (T. glanduliferum) and Persian (T. resupinatum) clovers were sown on four dates in autumn and winter 2010. Dry matter (DM) accumulation was dependent on the duration of crop growth which was influenced by the time of sowing. Autumn sown crops which flowered latest had a longer duration of vegetative growth and consequently produced the highest dry matter yields. In the establishment year, autumn sown crops produced up to 17.5 t DM/ha for balansa, 12.5 t DM/ha for Persian, 11.0 t DM/ha for gland and 9.4 t DM/ha for arrowleaf at physiological maturity (P

Single Leaf Carbon Exchange and Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency of Four Peanut Cultivars1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
T. R. Sinclair ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract Knowledge of the interception of solar radiation by crop canopies and the use of that radiation for carbon assimilation is essential for understanding crop growth and yield as a function of the environment. A field experiment was conducted in 1990 at Gainesville, FL to determine if differences in single leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), canopy radiation interception, radiation use efficiency (g dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted), and increase in seed harvest index with time exist among several commonly grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Four cultivars (Early Bunch, Florunner, Marc I, and Southern Runner) were grown in field plots on a Kendrick fine sand (a loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult) under fully irrigated, intensive management. Total crop and seed dry matter accumulation were determined, and canopy radiation interception measured at weekly intervals. CER of uppermost, fully expanded sunlit leaves were determined at midday at 2-wk intervals. Single leaf CER's were similar among cultivars (25 to 35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and relatively stable throughout most of the season, before declining during late seed filling. Although interception of radiation differed somewhat among cultivars during early canopy development, total crop dry matter accumulation was linearly related to the cumulative amount of radiation intercepted by all four cultivars (r2=≥0.99). Radiation use efficiency was similar among all cultivars with a mean of 1.00 g dry matter accumulated per MJ of intercepted solar radiation. The increase in seed harvest index with time was linear (r2≤0.94) and the rates of increase were similar among the Early Bunch, Florunner, and Marc I cultivars (0.0058 d-1), but lower (0.0043 d-1) for the later maturing Southern Runner cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the primary differences among these four cultivars were in early-season development of the leaf canopy and resultant radiation interception and the rate of seed growth, rather than the capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Radiation Use Efficiency for Cowpea Subjected to Different Irrigation Depths Under the Climatic Conditions of the Northeast Of Pará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Denis de Pinho Sousa ◽  
Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Vivian Dielly da Silva Farias ◽  
Hildo Giuseppe Caldas Nunes ◽  
Denílson Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Abstract This study aims to determine the cowpea efficiency in absorbing and using solar radiation according to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the northeast of Pará State. The experiment was carried out on 2014 and 2016 in an experimental design of randomized blocks, which consisted in six blocks with four treatments, in which different irrigation depths the reproductive phase were applied, as follows: T100, T50, T25 e T0, that corresponded to 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% of the crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, leaf area index (LAI), total aerial dry matter (TADM) and grain yield were measured. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained by nonlinear regression between the fraction of absorbed PAR (fPARinter) and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated by linear regression between the TADM and the accumulated absorbed PAR. The water deficit imposed by the treatments had a significant influence on the LAI, TADM and cowpea yields. The water deficit did not significantly influenced k – it ranged between 0.83 for T100 and 0.70 for T0. The RUE showed significant behaviors regarding the treatments with adequate water supply and treatments under water deficit, ranging from 2.23 to 1.64 g·MJ-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Challenges for Simulating Growth and Phenology of Silage Maize in a Nordic Climate with APSIM

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Julien Morel ◽  
David Parsons ◽  
Magnus A. Halling ◽  
Uttam Kumar ◽  
Allan Peake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Crop Phenology ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

APSIM Next Generation was used to simulate the phenological development and biomass production of silage maize for high latitudes (i.e., >55°). Weather and soil data were carefully specified, as they are important drivers of the development and growth of the crop. Phenology related parameters were calibrated using a factorial experiment of simulations and the minimization of the root mean square error of observed and predicted phenological scaling. Results showed that the model performed well in simulating the phenology of the maize, but largely underestimated the production of biomass. Several factors could explain the discrepancy between observations and predictions of above-ground dry matter yield, such as the current formalization of APSIM for simulating the amount of radiation absorbed by the crop at high latitudes, as the amount of diffuse light and intercepted light increases with latitude. Another factor that can affect the accuracy of the predicted biomass is the increased duration of the day length observed at high latitudes. Indeed, APSIM does not yet formalize the effects of extreme day length on the balance between photorespiration and photosynthesis on the final balance of biomass production. More field measurements are required to better understand the drivers of the underestimation of biomass production, with a particular focus on the light interception efficiency and the radiation use efficiency.

Radiation interception, radiation use efficiency and growth of barley cultivars

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Goyne ◽  
SP Milroy ◽  
JM Lilley ◽  
JM Hare
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Extinction ◽  
Radiation Use

Dry matter production and utilization of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was studied for barley (Hordeurn vulgare L.) in the field at Hermitage Research Station, Qld. In 1990, four cultivars (Gilbert, Tallon, Grimmett, Skiff) were sown at three times and grown with non-limiting soil moisture. In 1991, soil moisture limitations were imposed on one sowing of the cultivar Grimmett. The radiation extinction coefficient (k) was 0.41�0.02 and did not vary with cultivar, time of sowing or soil moisture availability. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) (based on absorbed PAR and above-ground dry matter) did not change with time of sowing but did vary between cultivars. RUE was highest for Gilbert (2.90�0.10 g MJ-1), while the other three cultivars averaged 2.60�0.04 g MJ-l. RUE of Grimmett was significantly lower in 1991 (1.48�0.07 g MJ-1) than in 1990 (2.60�0.07g MJ-1), but soil moisture differences in 1991 did not significantly affect RUE. Several factors with possible links with RUE were examined and discussed. Of the variables examined those which showed the strongest relationships with RUE were average daily vapour pressure deficit and average daily minimum temperature.

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