Thermal mud maturation: organic matter and biological activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Centini ◽  
M. R. Tredici ◽  
N. Biondi ◽  
A. Buonocore ◽  
R. Maffei Facino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Organic Matter of Sewage Sediments on Biological Activity of Microorganisms which Carry Out the Transformations of Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
IZABELLA PISAREK ◽  
KATARZYNA GRATA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms

Soil microorganisms play an important role in the organic matter transformation process. The soil microorganisms also are in symbiotic relationship with plants. At the same time, soil microorganisms are sensitive to both anthropogenic and natural habitat changes. Particular characteristics of organic matter (the C:N relation, pH, the content the content of assimilated nutrients, the xenobiotics etc.) modify the biotic conditions of the soils. This particularly concerns the microorganisms which carry out the changes in the mineral and organic nitrogen compounds and the transformation of the external organic matter. The first aim of this work was to assess the influence of the sewage sediments and the manure on the phytosanitary potential of the soil environment. The second aim of this article was to estimate the number and activity of microorganisms which carry out the transformation of carbon and nitrogen compounds. This work showed the stimulating effect of the external organic matter both on the number and on the activity of most of the physiological groups. The manure mainly stimulated ammonificators, amylolitic microorganisms and Azotobacter sp. The sewage sediments mainly stimulated ammonificators, nitrifiers of I phase and cellulolytic microorganisms. The statistically significant impact of the physio-chemical soil habitat on the biological activity of the analyzed groups of microbes was also noted.

Effect of Soil Constituents on Herbicide Activity in Modified-Soil Field Plots

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Weber ◽  
S.B. Weed ◽  
T.W. Waldrep
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
First Year ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Soil Constituents ◽  
Modified Soil

An organic muck and a montmorillonite clay were incorporated into the surface 7.6 cm of a structureless sandy soil at rates ranging from 26,880 to 89,600 kg/ha. Prometryne [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] were surface-applied and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) were incorporated at two rates each in 1968, 1969, and 1970. Organic matter greatly reduced the biological activity of all three herbicides. Montmorillonite clay greatly reduced the activity of prometryne, slightly decreased the activity of fluometuron, and had no significant effect on trifluralin activity in all but the first year of the study. Both soil additives increased the cation exchange capacity of the soil. Muck decreased soil pH while montmorillonite increased it.

Water-soluble organic matter and biological activity of a degraded soil amended with pig slurry

2007 ◽  
Vol 378 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Hernández ◽  
José M. Fernández ◽  
César Plaza ◽  
Alfredo Polo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Degraded Soil

scholarly journals Soil biological activity of mulching and cut/harvested land set aside

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Růžková ◽  
L. Růžek ◽  
K. Voříšek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide

Formerly arable luvic chernozem set aside for ten years (1997–2006) with different herbaceous cover (grass, legumes and their mixtures) and agronomical practices (mulching and cut/harvesting) was studied. The experimental plot was maintained as black, spontaneous and controlled fallows from 1997 until July 2003 (BD period). In July 2003 the plots were desiccated by glyphosate herbicide and were run as a black fallow until August 2004 (AD). The last period (AG) was characterized by monoculture of Italian ryegrass cut/harvested twice a year until October 2006. The experimental soils were characterized with 18 parameters. Mulched plots in all periods (BD, AD and AG) were evaluated as highly microbial active plots. The black fallow (BD) permanently maintained by glyphosate herbicide was the lowest in biological parameters. The desiccation caused a highly significant increase (<I>P</I> < 0.01) of nitrates in topsoil, but in following period (AG) their significant decrease was detected. Desiccation enhanced carbon immobilization into microbial cells especially on mulched and cut/harvested sites (BD, AD). Due to mulching accumulation of soil organic matter highly significantly increased (<I>P</I> < 0.01). This induced a highly significant (<I>P</I> < 0.01) increase in the basal respiration (AD, AG) as the soil organic matter accumulated in the period BD was intensively mineralized.

scholarly journals Surface water treatment by UV/H2O2 with subsequent soil aquifer treatment: impact on micropollutants, dissolved organic matter and biological activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1709-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wünsch ◽  
Julia Plattner ◽  
David Cayon ◽  
Fabienne Eugster ◽  
Jens Gebhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Surface Water Treatment

UV/H2O2 treatment of sand-filtered surface water before soil aquifer treatment increases the total removal of organic micropollutants and has an impact on microbial activity without pronounced effects on dissolved organic matter removal.

Variation of TTC-ETS Activity of Activated Sludge in SBR Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Wang ◽  
Jun Yin ◽  
Wei Hua Song ◽  
Ying Zi Lin ◽  
Xiao Lin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biochemical Reaction ◽  
Ets Activity ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

Changing rule and activity status of biological activity of activated sludge in SBR process were studied by the determination of TTC-ETS activity. The results indicate that TTC-ETS activity can reflect effectively the biochemical reaction course of SBR process. Biological activity of organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification course in SBR process is reduced in order. Operational conditions cannot influence the changing rule of TTC-ETS activity, but the time of the appearance of break points marking different reaction course in profile and the average biological activity are influenced.

Modeling of anaerobic treatment of wastewater in ponds

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Rajbhandari ◽  
A.P. Annachhatre ◽  
J.L. Vasel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Good Agreement

A mathematical model to simulate the performance of anaerobic ponds was developed incorporating both settling of particulate components and the biological anaerobic digestion process. The biological activity includes solubilization of particulate organic matter; methanogenesis and the sulphate reduction process. The model considers that an anaerobic pond comprises a series of equal size columns. Each column has three compartments viz. liquid layer, active sediment layer and inert sediment layer. The existence of organic matter and sulphate removal mechanisms both in the bulk as well as sediment layer of the ponds and the exchange of the soluble components between the layers has been included in the model. The model was transferred to a computer program using VisSim Basic software. The model was verified by comparing simulated results with full-scale as well as with laboratory-scale anaerobic pond performance data. A good agreement between the simulated and the observed pond performance was achieved.

Biological activity and organic matter transformations in typical soils of Schleswig-Holstein

Geoderma ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beyer ◽  
H.-P. Blume ◽  
M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity
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