scholarly journals Soil biological activity of mulching and cut/harvested land set aside

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Růžková ◽  
L. Růžek ◽  
K. Voříšek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide

Formerly arable luvic chernozem set aside for ten years (1997–2006) with different herbaceous cover (grass, legumes and their mixtures) and agronomical practices (mulching and cut/harvesting) was studied. The experimental plot was maintained as black, spontaneous and controlled fallows from 1997 until July 2003 (BD period). In July 2003 the plots were desiccated by glyphosate herbicide and were run as a black fallow until August 2004 (AD). The last period (AG) was characterized by monoculture of Italian ryegrass cut/harvested twice a year until October 2006. The experimental soils were characterized with 18 parameters. Mulched plots in all periods (BD, AD and AG) were evaluated as highly microbial active plots. The black fallow (BD) permanently maintained by glyphosate herbicide was the lowest in biological parameters. The desiccation caused a highly significant increase (<I>P</I> < 0.01) of nitrates in topsoil, but in following period (AG) their significant decrease was detected. Desiccation enhanced carbon immobilization into microbial cells especially on mulched and cut/harvested sites (BD, AD). Due to mulching accumulation of soil organic matter highly significantly increased (<I>P</I> < 0.01). This induced a highly significant (<I>P</I> < 0.01) increase in the basal respiration (AD, AG) as the soil organic matter accumulated in the period BD was intensively mineralized.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Total Organic Carbon Quantity and Emissions of CO2 from Soil Into the Atmosphere Near Street

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410
Author(s):  
Mantas Pranskevicius ◽  
Dainius Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Soil Biological Activity

Abstract Soil as an ecosystem is actively involved into climate formation process. Therefore, it is important to assess such soil quality indicators as total organic carbon (TOC) and CO2 emissions. Soil organic matter is considered to be its indicator of quality, which is one of the most important components of biosphere consistency and stability. Soil respiration shows carbon emission from soil into the atmosphere. This is a great indicator, illustrating soil biological activity. Impact of soil temperature, air humidity, time of day was evaluated on CO2 emission from the soil. The highest CO2 emission is observed in afternoon hours, up to 0.201 g CO2∙m–2·h–1.

scholarly journals Regulation of priming effect by soil organic matter stability over a broad geographic scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiyi Chen ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Shuqi Qin ◽  
Guibiao Yang ◽  
Kai Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
C Dynamics

Abstract The modification of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition by plant carbon (C) input (priming effect) represents a critical biogeochemical process that controls soil C dynamics. However, the patterns and drivers of the priming effect remain hidden, especially over broad geographic scales under various climate and soil conditions. By combining systematic field and laboratory analyses based on multiple analytical and statistical approaches, we explore the determinants of priming intensity along a 2200 km grassland transect on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that SOM stability characterized by chemical recalcitrance and physico-chemical protection explains more variance in the priming effect than plant, soil and microbial properties. High priming intensity (up to 137% of basal respiration) is associated with complex SOM chemical structures and low mineral-organic associations. The dependence of priming effect on SOM stabilization mechanisms should be considered in Earth System Models to accurately predict soil C dynamics under changing environments.

scholarly journals Soil biological activity under different land-uses in Leyte Philippines

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Carsten Marohn ◽  
Reinhold Jahn ◽  
Joachim Sauerborn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Quotient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Microbial Carbon ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration

On seven sites in Western Leyte, Philippines, different land-uses, namely reforestation with indigenous tree species (`rainforestation`), reforestation with exotic tree specie Gmelina arborea, and traditional fallow / grassland use were compared with respect to soil biological activity. Analysed parameters were Basal Respiration (BR), microbial carbon (Substrate-Induced Respiration method, SIR) and leaf litter decomposition. Correlations between BR, SIR, metabolic quotient (qCO2), soil organic carbon (Corg) soil N (NT) and pH were assessed. BR and Cmic, SIR as well as the metabolic quotient qCO2 (BR/SIR) proved to be sensitive parameters and the methods gave reproducible values to distinguish sites and land-uses in most cases. However, due to differences among fallow /grassland treatments, a uniform tendency between these and rainforestation was not observed. On the other hand, BR and Cmic SIR were significantly higher under Gmelina than under either of the other land-uses. Correlations between parameters were strongest for BR vs. Corg, and BR vs. pH as well as for Cmic SIR vs. Corg and qCO2 vs. Corg

scholarly journals Microbiological characterization of land set-aside before and after Roundup desiccation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Růžková ◽  
L. Růžek ◽  
K. Voříšek ◽  
P. Vráblík ◽  
D. Musilová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Arylsulfatase Activity ◽  
Pure Cultures

Luvic chernozem (set-aside from 1996) was evaluated. The first period, before Roundup desiccation (2002&ndash;2003), was characterized by black, spontaneous and controlled fallows (mowed with the removal of plant biomass or mulched); the following period (2003&ndash;2004) by black fallow with repeated Roundup applications; and the last period (2004&ndash;2006) involved re-grassing by a mowed Lolium multiflorum Lam. monoculture. The characterization included microbial biomass, available organic carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, biomass-specific available organic carbon, arylsulfatase activity, soil organic matter carbon and total nitrogen. Mulching of pure cultures of grasses and legumes contributed to a high soil organic matter accumulation. Repeated Roundup desiccation caused a strong (highly significant) decrease of arylsulfatase activity (&ndash;28%), however highly significant increase of microbial biomass (+69%) and nitrate-nitrogen (+86%) were determined. The subsequent re-grassing compensated the changes described. The soil biological properties were best preserved on mulched fallow with Lotus corniculatus L. and Festuca pratensis L., also in regard to contamination with weeds.

Uptake by Beetroot Tissue and Biological Activity of 14C-Labelled Fractions of Soil Organic Matter

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEREK VAUGHAN ◽  
MARTIN V. CHESHIRE ◽  
CHARLES M. MUNDIE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter

Soil organic matter and biological activity under long-term contamination with copper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna V. Zamulina ◽  
Andrey V. Gorovtsov ◽  
Tatiana M. Minkina ◽  
Saglara S. Mandzhieva ◽  
Marina V. Burachevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter
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