scholarly journals Blunt force regulation and bureaucratic control: Understanding China's war on pollution

Governance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise S. Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Force ◽  
Bureaucratic Control

State Formation in Korea and Japan, 400–800 CE: Emulation and Learning, Not Bellicist Competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Chin-Hao Huang ◽  
David C. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
East Asia ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Internal Stability ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Bureaucratic Control ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Competition State

Abstract State formation occurred in Korea and Japan 1,000 years before it did in Europe, and it occurred for reasons of emulation and learning, not bellicist competition. State formation in historical East Asia occurred under a hegemonic system in which war was relatively rare, not under a balance-of-power system with regular existential threats. Korea and Japan emerged as states between the fifth and ninth centuries CE and existed for centuries thereafter with centralized bureaucratic control defined over territory and administrative capacity to tax their populations, field large militaries, and provide extensive public goods. They created these institutions not to wage war or suppress revolt: the longevity of dynasties in these countries is evidence of both the peacefulness of their region and their internal stability. Rather, Korea and Japan developed state institutions through emulation and learning from China. The elites of both copied Chinese civilization for reasons of prestige and domestic legitimacy in the competition between the court and the nobility.

scholarly journals Zebrafish Blunt-Force TBI Induces Heterogenous Injury Pathologies That Mimic Human TBI and Responds with Sonic Hedgehog-Dependent Cell Proliferation across the Neuroaxis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
James Hentig ◽  
Kaylee Cloghessy ◽  
Manuela Lahne ◽  
Yoo Jin Jung ◽  
Rebecca A. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Blunt Force ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Blunt-force traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects an increasing number of people worldwide as the range of injury severity and heterogeneity of injury pathologies have been recognized. Most current damage models utilize non-regenerative organisms, less common TBI mechanisms (penetrating, chemical, blast), and are limited in scalability of injury severity. We describe a scalable blunt-force TBI model that exhibits a wide range of human clinical pathologies and allows for the study of both injury pathology/progression and mechanisms of regenerative recovery. We modified the Marmarou weight drop model for adult zebrafish, which delivers a scalable injury spanning mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes. Following injury, zebrafish display a wide range of severity-dependent, injury-induced pathologies, including seizures, blood–brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, edema, vascular injury, decreased recovery rate, neuronal cell death, sensorimotor difficulties, and cognitive deficits. Injury-induced pathologies rapidly dissipate 4–7 days post-injury as robust cell proliferation is observed across the neuroaxis. In the cerebellum, proliferating nestin:GFP-positive cells originated from the cerebellar crest by 60 h post-injury, which then infiltrated into the granule cell layer and differentiated into neurons. Shh pathway genes increased in expression shortly following injury. Injection of the Shh agonist purmorphamine in undamaged fish induced a significant proliferative response, while the proliferative response was inhibited in injured fish treated with cyclopamine, a Shh antagonist. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a scalable blunt-force TBI to adult zebrafish results in many pathologies similar to human TBI, followed by recovery, and neuronal regeneration in a Shh-dependent manner.

Endovascular Stent Graft Treatment of Acute Thoracic Aortic Transections Due to Blunt Force Trauma

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Bjurlin ◽  
Eugene M. Tanquilut ◽  
Aswath Subram ◽  
Peggy Kalkounos ◽  
Gary J. Merlotti
Keyword(s):  
Stent Graft ◽  
Endovascular Stent ◽  
Endovascular Stent Graft ◽  
Blunt Force ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma

Electoral Manipulation as Bureaucratic Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Gehlbach ◽  
Alberto Simpser
Keyword(s):  
Bureaucratic Control
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