Electoral Manipulation as Bureaucratic Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Gehlbach ◽  
Alberto Simpser
Keyword(s):  
Bureaucratic Control

State Formation in Korea and Japan, 400–800 CE: Emulation and Learning, Not Bellicist Competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Chin-Hao Huang ◽  
David C. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
East Asia ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Internal Stability ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Bureaucratic Control ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Competition State

Abstract State formation occurred in Korea and Japan 1,000 years before it did in Europe, and it occurred for reasons of emulation and learning, not bellicist competition. State formation in historical East Asia occurred under a hegemonic system in which war was relatively rare, not under a balance-of-power system with regular existential threats. Korea and Japan emerged as states between the fifth and ninth centuries CE and existed for centuries thereafter with centralized bureaucratic control defined over territory and administrative capacity to tax their populations, field large militaries, and provide extensive public goods. They created these institutions not to wage war or suppress revolt: the longevity of dynasties in these countries is evidence of both the peacefulness of their region and their internal stability. Rather, Korea and Japan developed state institutions through emulation and learning from China. The elites of both copied Chinese civilization for reasons of prestige and domestic legitimacy in the competition between the court and the nobility.

Creative Union

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiril Tomoff
Keyword(s):  
Political Elite ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Bureaucratic Control ◽  
Institutional Authority ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
Musical Formalism ◽  
The Relationship

Why did the Stalin era, a period characterized by bureaucratic control and the reign of Socialist Realism in the arts, witness such an extraordinary upsurge of musical creativity and the prominence of musicians in the cultural elite? This is one of the questions that this book seeks to answer. The book shows how the Union of Soviet Composers established control over the music profession and negotiated the relationship between composers and the Communist Party leadership. Central to the book's argument is the institutional authority and prestige that the musical profession accrued and deployed within Soviet society, enabling musicians to withstand the postwar disciplinary campaigns that were so crippling in other artistic and literary spheres. Most accounts of Soviet musical life focus on famous individuals or the campaign against Shostakovich's ‘Lady Macbeth’ and Zhdanov's postwar attack on musical formalism. This book's approach, while not downplaying these notorious events, shows that the Union was able to develop and direct a musical profession that enjoyed enormous social prestige. The Union's leadership was able to use its expertise to determine the criteria of musical value with a degree of independence. The book reveals the complex and mutable interaction of creative intelligentsia and political elite in a period hitherto characterized as one of totalitarian control.

From Control to Commitment Work Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 1150-1172
Author(s):  
Laura Innocenti ◽  
Alessia Sammarra ◽  
Silvia Profili
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Bureaucratic Control ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Powerful Mechanism

The shift towards a flatter, more networked and flexible organization has required an alternative approach to employment issues - from a normative and prescriptive “Personnel Management” approach to a broader “Human Resource Management” (HRM) approach - so as to foster employees' commitment and empowerment. Through a range of HRM practices, so-called High Commitment Work Systems (HCWS), organizations seek to engender higher level of identification, empowerment and autonomy, which are crucial for the ‘post-bureaucratic employee' who is expected to use intuition, discretion and knowledge to deal with ongoing changes and service demands. Focusing on recruitment and selection, career management and flexible work arrangements, the chapter argues that contemporary HR practices offer a powerful mechanism that modern organizations may use to replace bureaucratic control. However, the analysis also highlights several contradictions and tensions that surface during the adoption of HCWS and may explain some of the unsatisfying outcomes of the post-bureaucratic approach.

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