Regionwide temporal gradients of carbon allocation allow for shoot growth and latewood formation in boreal black spruce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Buttò ◽  
Siddhartha Khare ◽  
Guillaume Drolet ◽  
Jean‐Daniel Sylvain ◽  
Fabio Gennaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Black Spruce

Here comes the flood! Stress effects of continuous and interval waterlogging periods during the growing season on Scots pine saplings

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Domisch ◽  
Ji Qian ◽  
Izabela Sondej ◽  
Françoise Martz ◽  
Tarja Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Future climate scenarios for the boreal zone project increasing temperatures and precipitation, as well as extreme weather events such as heavy rain during the growing season. This can result in more frequent short-term waterlogging (WL) leading to unfavorable conditions for tree roots. In addition, it is decisive whether short-term WL periods during the growing season occur continuously or periodically. We assessed the effects of short-termed WL on 4-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings after shoot elongation started. Waterlogging (WL) lasted either continuously for 2.5 weeks (ContWL) or noncontinuously for 5 weeks, consisting of three repeated 1-week-interval WL periods (IntWL). Both treatments resulted in the same duration of soil anoxia. We studied soil gases, root and shoot growth and physiology, and root survival probability and longevity during the experiment. In the final harvest, we determined shoot and root biomass and hydraulic conductance and electrical impedance spectra of the root systems. Soil CO2 and CH4 concentrations increased immediately after WL onset and O2 decreased until anoxia. Waterlogging decreased fine root survival probability, but there was no difference between WL treatments. Shoot growth suffered more from ContWL and root growth more from IntWL. Needle concentrations of pinitol increased in the WL saplings, indicating stress. No WL effects were observed in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Increased starch concentration in needles by WL may be due to damaged roots and thus a missing belowground sink. Electrical impedance indicated suffering of WL saplings, although root hydraulic conductance did not differ between the treatments. Oxidative stress of short-term and interval WL can have long-lasting effects on shoot and root growth and the physiology of Scots pine. We conclude that even short-term WL during the growing season is a stress factor, which will probably increase in the future and can affect carbon allocation and dynamics in boreal forests.

Effect of ecosystem warming on boreal black spruce bud burst and shoot growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUSTIN R. BRONSON ◽  
STITH T. GOWER ◽  
MYRON TANNER ◽  
INGRID VAN HERK
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Bud Burst

Growth and Morphology of Black Spruce, Jack Pine, and White Spruce Container Seedlings in Northern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Anneli Jalkanen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract The development of morphological attributes of containerized seedlings during the growing season was studied in eight crops from three nurseries in Northern Ontario, including four black spruce crops, three jack pine crops, and one white spruce crop. The variability was proportionally largest in root and shoot dry mass, followed by height and diameter. During seedling growth, proportionally the variability of size did not seem to increase. In absolute scale, however, differences between individual seedlings increased more than differences between seedling trays, possibly due to competition between individuals. Height and shoot growth were greater in the beginning of the growing season, and diameter and root growth were greater toward the end. In comparison to standards, the balance between morphological attributes (height/diameter, shoot/root) was usually acceptable, and usually independent of seedling size. The easiest way of monitoring crop development is to take seedling samples at regular intervals and to construct a growth progression curve for seedling height, if diameter growth reaches acceptable level. Care should be taken that the height of seedlings does not increase too much at the expense of diameter and root development in the larger crops. To monitor this, height-diameter ratios and shoot-root ratios might be measured a couple of times during the growing season to take corrective action if necessary. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):69-74.

Allocation of current photosynthate and changes in tissue dry weight within northern red oak seedlings: individual leaf and flush carbon contribution during episodic growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1296-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E Dickson ◽  
Patricia T Tomlinson ◽  
J G Isebrands
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Episodic Growth ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
Allocation Patterns

Relatively little is known about the changing carbon allocation patterns in species with episodic growth cycles such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). To examine such changing allocation and growth patterns, northern red oak plants were grown from seed in controlled environment chambers through four cycles of growth. 14CO2 was supplied to leaves of the first, second, or third flushes at different Quercus morphological index growth stages within each flush, and the distribution of 14C within the plant was analyzed. Carbon allocation from source leaves of the first and second flush was primarily upward during the subsequent cycle of shoot growth and downward during lag and bud growth stages. All leaves within a flush did not respond the same. Upper leaves allocated most 14C-photosynthate upward during leaf and shoot growth while lower leaves supplied more 14C to lower stem and roots. During the third and fourth flushes, differential allocation from leaves within a flush resulted in essentially equal upward and downward carbon allocation. Growth and allometric relationships reflected these changes in carbon allocation.

scholarly journals Variability in the growth rates and foliage δ15N values of black spruce trees across a slope gradient in the Alaskan Interior

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Tanaka-Oda ◽  
Tanaka Kenzo ◽  
Jumpei Toriyama ◽  
Yojiro Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is a dominant species on north-facing slopes located on the permafrost in the Alaskan Interior, where tree growth rates vary significantly across slope gradients. To better understand the effects of nitrogen (N) and mycorrhizal associations on plant growth, we investigated the relationships between tree growth and isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) in foliage and roots, because plant δ15N values reflect tree dependencies on N uptake by mycorrhizae. We established two transects (one along a slope gradient, and a second on a north-to-east axis at a fixed elevation) and four plots on the slope gradient transect. We measured current shoot growth of saplings on transects and aboveground biomass (AGB) in the plots. We collected foliage and fine root samples and measured their δ15N signatures and N concentrations. The AGB and shoot growth varied widely across the gradient: values were higher at high elevations and at the east–northeast aspect. Foliage δ15N values and N concentrations were positively correlated with tree growth, but growth rate was negatively correlated with the dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake. Thus, black spruce had a reduced dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake on the upper slope, where conditions were N-rich. On the lower slope, where the soil active layer was shallow, black spruce growth was limited and had an elevated dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake.

Regrowth response of young black spruce (Picea mariana) trees to meristem removal and resource addition

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcy Bast ◽  
R J Reader
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Supply Condition ◽  
K Fertilizer

Regrowth of an injured plant may exceed the growth of a noninjured plant (i.e., overcompensation) when (i) dormant meristems are available to replace injured meristems, (ii) the injury level is sufficient to release dormant meristems from apical dominance, and (iii) the supply of mineral nutrient and light is sufficient to support the outgrowth of previously dormant meristems. A field experiment was conducted with 5-year-old black spruce trees to determine whether these three conditions were met when 25%, 50%, or 75% of a tree's uppermost buds were removed. Subsequent shoot growth on treated and nontreated trees (0% meristem removal) was compared for each of two levels of resource supply (natural and enhanced). Enhanced levels of light and mineral nutrients were created by removing neighbouring plants within a 2-m radius of a target tree and adding 10 grams of N–P–K fertilizer per tree. After 5 and 17 months, shoot growth did not differ significantly among trees in the four meristem removal treatments (condition ii above), regardless of resource supply (condition iii above). The absence of overcompensation most likely reflects the relatively small supply of dormant meristems on treated trees (condition i above).Key words: apical meristem, black spruce, compensatory growth, injury.

scholarly journals Aluminium tolerance: a determinant factor to cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae) productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Foluso Ologundudu ◽  
Oluwatoyin Ajayi ◽  
Oluwaseun Ajayi ◽  
Idowu Ajani ◽  
Seun Oladipupo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Top Soil

Alternative approach to mitigate the negative consequences of aluminium toxicity on cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae) productivity cannot be overemphasized. The effects of aluminium toxicity on some morphological parameters of five cowpea accessions were investigated with the aim of determining the threshold of tolerance for the crop. Five cowpea accessions were collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The seedlings were raised in perforated plastic pots filled with 10 kg of top soil and treated till maturity with 50 µm, 100 µm, 200 µm of AlCl3 while those irrigated with tap water served as the control (0 µm). Variations were observed among accessions and treatments as plant height was accession dependent in contrast to stem girth, number of branches, root growth and shoot growth. Suppression of root growth among the accessions were attributed to more carbon allocation to the shoot at the expense of shoot growth leading to chlorosis, necrosis and reduced photosynthetic capacity among the accessions. Accession 5 was adjudged the best among the accessions based on the response to aluminium treatment. However, further research on the mechanism of tolerance especially at the molecular level is highly recommended.

Croissance et enracinement de deux provenances d'Épinette noire en fonction de la densité apparente du sol et de ses propriétés hydriques

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Prévost ◽  
Hassan A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
Seed Origin

As part of a study to determine the parameters for effective scarification and promotion of black spruce natural regeneration, an invitro experiment was conducted to assess growth and rooting ability in sandy soils of four bulk densities (0.85, 1.05, 1.25, and 1.45 g cm−3). The experiment included seeds from two origins, one representative of a well-drained upland site and the other, of a poorly drained lowland site. Results show that black spruce successfully established itself in all bulk densities under study. Shoot growth was best in bulk density 1.25 g cm−3 with the seeds of upland origin. It was also good for seeds of both origins in the 0.85 and 1.05 g cm−3 soils. However, seedlings established in the soil compacted to 1.45 g cm−3 showed reduced growth. Bulk densities of 0.85 and 1.05 g cm−3 favored deep root penetration, whereas densities of 1.25 and 1.45 g cm−3 restricted rooting. As a whole, upland seedlings developed better rooting than lowland seedlings, indicating that the selected sites of origin could represent two distinct ecotypes. As to allocation between shoots and roots, an interaction was found between bulk density and seed origin.

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