Relationships between Pikonema alaskensis larval density and shoot growth and production in young black spruce

2013 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Johns ◽  
J.J. Leggo ◽  
D.A. MacLean ◽  
D.T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Pikonema Alaskensis

Genetically based resistance of black spruce (Picea mariana) to the yellowheaded spruce sawfly (Pikonema alaskensis)

2005 ◽  
Vol 215 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Leinekugel le Cocq ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Pikonema Alaskensis

Effect of ecosystem warming on boreal black spruce bud burst and shoot growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUSTIN R. BRONSON ◽  
STITH T. GOWER ◽  
MYRON TANNER ◽  
INGRID VAN HERK
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Bud Burst

Growth and Morphology of Black Spruce, Jack Pine, and White Spruce Container Seedlings in Northern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Anneli Jalkanen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract The development of morphological attributes of containerized seedlings during the growing season was studied in eight crops from three nurseries in Northern Ontario, including four black spruce crops, three jack pine crops, and one white spruce crop. The variability was proportionally largest in root and shoot dry mass, followed by height and diameter. During seedling growth, proportionally the variability of size did not seem to increase. In absolute scale, however, differences between individual seedlings increased more than differences between seedling trays, possibly due to competition between individuals. Height and shoot growth were greater in the beginning of the growing season, and diameter and root growth were greater toward the end. In comparison to standards, the balance between morphological attributes (height/diameter, shoot/root) was usually acceptable, and usually independent of seedling size. The easiest way of monitoring crop development is to take seedling samples at regular intervals and to construct a growth progression curve for seedling height, if diameter growth reaches acceptable level. Care should be taken that the height of seedlings does not increase too much at the expense of diameter and root development in the larger crops. To monitor this, height-diameter ratios and shoot-root ratios might be measured a couple of times during the growing season to take corrective action if necessary. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):69-74.

scholarly journals Variability in the growth rates and foliage δ15N values of black spruce trees across a slope gradient in the Alaskan Interior

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Tanaka-Oda ◽  
Tanaka Kenzo ◽  
Jumpei Toriyama ◽  
Yojiro Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is a dominant species on north-facing slopes located on the permafrost in the Alaskan Interior, where tree growth rates vary significantly across slope gradients. To better understand the effects of nitrogen (N) and mycorrhizal associations on plant growth, we investigated the relationships between tree growth and isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) in foliage and roots, because plant δ15N values reflect tree dependencies on N uptake by mycorrhizae. We established two transects (one along a slope gradient, and a second on a north-to-east axis at a fixed elevation) and four plots on the slope gradient transect. We measured current shoot growth of saplings on transects and aboveground biomass (AGB) in the plots. We collected foliage and fine root samples and measured their δ15N signatures and N concentrations. The AGB and shoot growth varied widely across the gradient: values were higher at high elevations and at the east–northeast aspect. Foliage δ15N values and N concentrations were positively correlated with tree growth, but growth rate was negatively correlated with the dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake. Thus, black spruce had a reduced dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake on the upper slope, where conditions were N-rich. On the lower slope, where the soil active layer was shallow, black spruce growth was limited and had an elevated dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake.

Regrowth response of young black spruce (Picea mariana) trees to meristem removal and resource addition

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcy Bast ◽  
R J Reader
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Supply Condition ◽  
K Fertilizer

Regrowth of an injured plant may exceed the growth of a noninjured plant (i.e., overcompensation) when (i) dormant meristems are available to replace injured meristems, (ii) the injury level is sufficient to release dormant meristems from apical dominance, and (iii) the supply of mineral nutrient and light is sufficient to support the outgrowth of previously dormant meristems. A field experiment was conducted with 5-year-old black spruce trees to determine whether these three conditions were met when 25%, 50%, or 75% of a tree's uppermost buds were removed. Subsequent shoot growth on treated and nontreated trees (0% meristem removal) was compared for each of two levels of resource supply (natural and enhanced). Enhanced levels of light and mineral nutrients were created by removing neighbouring plants within a 2-m radius of a target tree and adding 10 grams of N–P–K fertilizer per tree. After 5 and 17 months, shoot growth did not differ significantly among trees in the four meristem removal treatments (condition ii above), regardless of resource supply (condition iii above). The absence of overcompensation most likely reflects the relatively small supply of dormant meristems on treated trees (condition i above).Key words: apical meristem, black spruce, compensatory growth, injury.

Vertical distribution of three longhorned beetle species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in burned trees of the boreal forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Cadorette-Breton ◽  
Christian Hébert ◽  
Jacques Ibarzabal ◽  
Richard Berthiaume ◽  
Éric Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Salvage Logging

This study aimed to characterize the vertical distribution of longhorned beetle larvae in burned trees of the eastern Canadian boreal forest. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees burned at three severity levels were cut, and 30 cm boles were collected from the ground up to a height of 9.45 m. Boles were debarked and dissected to collect insect larvae. Results show that the three most abundant longhorned beetle species were vertically segregated among burned jack pine and black spruce trees, but the section having the highest timber value was heavily infested by woodborer larvae. Larval density distribution of Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus (Say) and of Acmaeops proteus proteus (Kirby) could be linked with bark thickness, which also depends on fire severity. Lightly burned stands of black spruce were the most heavily infested and should be salvaged only if they are easily accessible and can thus be rapidly harvested and processed at the mill. More severely burned stands should be salvaged later as they will be less affected by woodborers, as should jack pine, which is lightly infested compared with black spruce. The ecological role of stumps should be further investigated because they could still have an ecological value after salvage logging as Arhopalus foveicollis (Haldeman) uses them specifically.

Croissance et enracinement de deux provenances d'Épinette noire en fonction de la densité apparente du sol et de ses propriétés hydriques

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Prévost ◽  
Hassan A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
Seed Origin

As part of a study to determine the parameters for effective scarification and promotion of black spruce natural regeneration, an invitro experiment was conducted to assess growth and rooting ability in sandy soils of four bulk densities (0.85, 1.05, 1.25, and 1.45 g cm−3). The experiment included seeds from two origins, one representative of a well-drained upland site and the other, of a poorly drained lowland site. Results show that black spruce successfully established itself in all bulk densities under study. Shoot growth was best in bulk density 1.25 g cm−3 with the seeds of upland origin. It was also good for seeds of both origins in the 0.85 and 1.05 g cm−3 soils. However, seedlings established in the soil compacted to 1.45 g cm−3 showed reduced growth. Bulk densities of 0.85 and 1.05 g cm−3 favored deep root penetration, whereas densities of 1.25 and 1.45 g cm−3 restricted rooting. As a whole, upland seedlings developed better rooting than lowland seedlings, indicating that the selected sites of origin could represent two distinct ecotypes. As to allocation between shoots and roots, an interaction was found between bulk density and seed origin.

Field performance of black spruce and jack pine inoculated with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H.R. Browning ◽  
Roy D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

Seedlings of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were inoculated with fragmented hyphae of one of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and outplanted on reforestation sites after 14 weeks of growth in the nursery. Black spruce were planted on a peatland site and a stony loam site; jack pine were planted on the same stony loam site and on a sandy site. Inoculation of both species with Laccariaproximo (Boud.) Maire resulted in significantly better shoot growth compared with uninoculated seedlings over a 2-year period on all sites. Hebelomacylindrosporum Romagn. improved the height growth of black spruce on the peatland site and of jack pine on the stony loam site after 2 years. Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton also improved the height growth of jack pine on the stony loam after 2 years. Black spruce inoculated with L. bicolor were significantly smaller than uninoculated seedlings. Size differences present in black spruce at outplanting persisted for two growing seasons, whereas initial size did not predict the field performance of jack pine. Inoculation of black spruce with L. proxima resulted in higher foliar concentrations of K and Zn compared with uninoculated seedlings on the peatland site. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in jack pine inoculated with L. proxima were significantly higher than those of uninoculated seedlings at the stony loam site. All inoculated fungi (except Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, which did not form mycorrhizae) remained on the root systems for two growing seasons, but their presence declined sharply in the 2nd year. Laccariabicolor was the most persistent mycobiont on root systems of both tree species. Colonization of black spruce by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi was faster on the stony loam site than on the peatland site. The diversity of wild ectomycorrhizae on the planted seedlings was higher on both the peatland and sand sites than on the stony loam site.

Heat tolerance of actively growing, bud-initiated, and dormant black spruce seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Koppenaal ◽  
S. J. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Heat Tolerant

To determine the effect of stage of bud development on heat tolerance, overwintered black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were (i) maintained in a dormant state, (ii) allowed to grow new shoots under favorable greenhouse conditions, or (iii) induced to initiate bud scales using short-photoperiod treatment following a period of new shoot elongation. Seedlings of the three shoot types were then exposed for 10 min to temperatures of 25, 42, 45, 50, or 55 °C in an environmental test chamber. Damage to the current-year shoot was lower in bud-initiated seedlings than in active seedlings, particularly at 42 °C, when 0 and 46%, respectively, of the length of the main shoot was damaged. The current-year shoot growth was much more sensitive to heat stress than the lignified first-year shoot, and therefore dormant seedlings, which had only first-year shoot growth, were most heat tolerant, showing damage only at 50 and 55 °C.

Regionwide temporal gradients of carbon allocation allow for shoot growth and latewood formation in boreal black spruce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Buttò ◽  
Siddhartha Khare ◽  
Guillaume Drolet ◽  
Jean‐Daniel Sylvain ◽  
Fabio Gennaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Black Spruce
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