Species and phylogenetic endemism in angiosperm trees across the Northern Hemisphere are jointly shaped by modern climate and glacial–interglacial climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Feng ◽  
Ziyu Ma ◽  
Brody Sandel ◽  
Lingfeng Mao ◽  
Signe Normand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northern Hemisphere

scholarly journals Compensation between Resolved Wave Driving and Parameterized Orographic Gravity Wave Driving of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation and Its Response to Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 5601-5610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sigmond ◽  
Theodore G. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Rossby Wave ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Remarkable Degree ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Following recent findings, the interaction between resolved (Rossby) wave drag and parameterized orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) is investigated, in terms of their driving of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC), in a comprehensive climate model. To this end, the parameter that effectively determines the strength of OGWD in present-day and doubled CO2 simulations is varied. The authors focus on the Northern Hemisphere during winter when the largest response of the BDC to climate change is predicted to occur. It is found that increases in OGWD are to a remarkable degree compensated by a reduction in midlatitude resolved wave drag, thereby reducing the impact of changes in OGWD on the BDC. This compensation is also found for the response to climate change: changes in the OGWD contribution to the BDC response to climate change are compensated by opposite changes in the resolved wave drag contribution to the BDC response to climate change, thereby reducing the impact of changes in OGWD on the BDC response to climate change. By contrast, compensation does not occur at northern high latitudes, where resolved wave driving and the associated downwelling increase with increasing OGWD, both for the present-day climate and the response to climate change. These findings raise confidence in the credibility of climate model projections of the strengthened BDC.

scholarly journals Synchronized Northern Hemisphere climate change and solar magnetic cycles during the Maunder Minimum

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (48) ◽  
pp. 20697-20702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Yamaguchi ◽  
Y. Yokoyama ◽  
H. Miyahara ◽  
K. Sho ◽  
T. Nakatsuka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Magnetic Cycles

scholarly journals Evaluating Impacts of Recent Arctic Sea Ice Loss on the Northern Hemisphere Winter Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 3255-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Ogawa ◽  
Noel Keenlyside ◽  
Yongqi Gao ◽  
Torben Koenigk ◽  
Shuting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Winter Climate Change ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice Loss ◽  
Northern Hemisphere Winter

scholarly journals Northern Hemisphere Stationary Waves in a Changing Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. J. Wills ◽  
Rachel H. White ◽  
Xavier J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Stationary Wave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stationary Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Longitudinal Variations

Abstract Purpose of Review Stationary waves are planetary-scale longitudinal variations in the time-averaged atmospheric circulation. Here, we consider the projected response of Northern Hemisphere stationary waves to climate change in winter and summer. We discuss how the response varies across different metrics, identify robust responses, and review proposed mechanisms. Recent Findings Climate models project shifts in the prevailing wind patterns, with corresponding impacts on regional precipitation, temperature, and extreme events. Recent work has improved our understanding of the links between stationary waves and regional climate and identified robust stationary wave responses to climate change, which include an increased zonal lengthscale in winter, a poleward shift of the wintertime circulation over the Pacific, a weakening of monsoonal circulations, and an overall weakening of stationary wave circulations, particularly their divergent component and quasi-stationary disturbances. Summary Numerous factors influence Northern Hemisphere stationary waves, and mechanistic theories exist for only a few aspects of the stationary wave response to climate change. Idealized studies have proven useful for understanding the climate responses of particular atmospheric circulation features and should be a continued focus of future research.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. 282015
Author(s):  
Gitte Brandt Hedesaard ◽  
J Brandt ◽  
J H Christensen ◽  
L M Frohn ◽  
C Geels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: A northern hemisphere perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bytnerowicz ◽  
Kenji Omasa ◽  
Elena Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Unique Approach to High-Resolution Climate Modelling using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) version 5.1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Michaelis ◽  
Gary M. Lackmann ◽  
Walter A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Northern Hemispheric

Abstract. We present multi-seasonal simulations representative of present-day and future thermodynamic environments using the global Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS) version 5.1 with high resolution (15 km) throughout the Northern Hemisphere. We select ten simulation years with varying phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and integrate each for 14.5 months. We use analysed sea surface temperature (SST) patterns for present-day simulations. For the future climate simulations, we alter present-day SSTs by applying monthly-averaged temperature changes derived from a 20-member ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 emissions scenario. Daily sea ice fields, obtained from the monthly-averaged CMIP5 ensemble mean sea ice, are used for present-day and future simulations. The present-day simulations provide a reasonable reproduction of large-scale atmospheric features in the Northern Hemisphere such as the wintertime midlatitude storm tracks, upper-tropospheric jets, and maritime sea-level pressure features as well as annual precipitation patterns across the tropics. The simulations also adequately represent tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics such as strength, spatial distribution, and seasonal cycles for most of Northern Hemispheric basins. These results demonstrate the applicability of these model simulations for future studies examining climate change effects on various Northern Hemispheric phenomena, and, more generally, the utility of MPAS for studying climate change at spatial scales generally unachievable in GCMs.

scholarly journals Assessing Snow Albedo Feedback in Simulated Climate Change

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2617-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qu ◽  
Alex Hall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Attenuation Effect ◽  
Albedo Feedback ◽  
Snow Albedo ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planetary Albedo

Abstract In this paper, the two factors controlling Northern Hemisphere springtime snow albedo feedback in transient climate change are isolated and quantified based on scenario runs of 17 climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. The first factor is the dependence of planetary albedo on surface albedo, representing the atmosphere's attenuation effect on surface albedo anomalies. It is potentially a major source of divergence in simulations of snow albedo feedback because of large differences in simulated cloud fields in Northern Hemisphere land areas. To calculate the dependence, an analytical model governing planetary albedo was developed. Detailed validations of the analytical model for two of the simulations are shown, version 3 of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global coupled Climate Model 2.0 (CM2.0), demonstrating that it facilitates a highly accurate calculation of the dependence of planetary albedo on surface albedo given readily available simulation output. In all simulations it is found that surface albedo anomalies are attenuated by approximately half in Northern Hemisphere land areas as they are transformed into planetary albedo anomalies. The intermodel standard deviation in the dependence of planetary albedo on surface albedo is surprisingly small, less than 10% of the mean. Moreover, when an observational estimate of this factor is calculated by applying the same method to the satellite-based International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data, it is found that most simulations agree with ISCCP values to within about 10%, despite further disagreements between observed and simulated cloud fields. This suggests that even large relative errors in simulated cloud fields do not result in significant error in this factor, enhancing confidence in climate models. The second factor, related exclusively to surface processes, is the change in surface albedo associated with an anthropogenically induced temperature change in Northern Hemisphere land areas. It exhibits much more intermodel variability. The standard deviation is about ⅓ of the mean, with the largest value being approximately 3 times larger than the smallest. Therefore this factor is unquestionably the main source of the large divergence in simulations of snow albedo feedback. To reduce the divergence, attention should be focused on differing parameterizations of snow processes, rather than intermodel variations in the attenuation effect of the atmosphere on surface albedo anomalies.

Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination

Nature ◽  
10.1038/40838 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 388 (6639) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Benson ◽  
James Burdett ◽  
Steve Lund ◽  
Michaele Kashgarian ◽  
Scott Mensing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Glacial Termination
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