scholarly journals The resolution‐dependent role of landscape attributes in shaping macro‐scale biodiversity patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanning Qiu ◽  
Shuqing N. Teng ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Joana Santana ◽  
Jens‐Christian Svenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Landscape Attributes

Społeczne i kulturowe determinanty funkcjonowania państwa u progu XXI wieku

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (282) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Michał Strzelecki
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civic Awareness ◽  
Political Scene

The contemporary state crisis is a derivative of complex economic and social processes. His indicators include not only the visible increase in the intensity of political conflicts (both on a micro and macro scale), the revival and development of separatist tendencies, and the weakening of the role of the state as the basic instrument of organizing collective life. It is also increasing fragmentation of the political scene, the development of particularisms, weakening and progressive dysfunctionality of existing political institutions, increasing economic rivalry and the collapse of the generally accepted axiological system, which is accompanied by increasingly clear questioning of the idea of the common good and progressing pragmatism and egoism. An important element is therefore the disappearance of civic awareness and activity. The intensification of these disturbing tendencies is certainly not supported by the modern education system, whose hallmarks are commercialization and economization, withdrawal of the state and professionalization.

scholarly journals Gesture-speech synchrony in the case of deafferentation: The role of visual control and biomechanics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Pouw ◽  
Steven A. Harrison ◽  
James A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Source Of Information

In fluent speech, moments of acoustic prominence are tightly coordinated with peaks in the movement profile of hand gestures (e.g., speed of a gesture). This gesture-speech coordination has been found to operate on continuous bidirectional feedback of upper-limb movement. Here, we investigated the gesture-speech coordination of a person with deafferentation, the well-studied case of IW. Although IW has lost both his primary source of information about body position (i.e., proprioception) and touch, his gesture-speech coordination has been reported to be largely unaffected temporally and semantically, even if his vision is blocked. This is surprising as, without vision, his object-directed actions (e.g., grasping a cup) almost completely break down. Given differences in control in IW of gestures vs. actions when vision is unavailable, it has been suggested that communicative gesture operates under separate neural-cognitive constraints. In the current kinematic-acoustic study, we reanalyzed the classic 1998 and 2002 gesture experiments with IW (McNeill, 2005). Extending previous findings, we show that the micro-scale gesture-speech synchrony is compromised when vision is blocked, despite macro-scale coherence. Finally, we show a biomechanical linkage which could explain why IW’s gesture-speech capabilities in the absence of visual information is only mildly compromised.

scholarly journals Valuing alternative bundles of landscape attributes: cost-benefit analysis for the selection of optimal landscapes

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (72) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Lima Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Landscape Valuation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Landscape Attributes

The role of landscape valuation and extended cost-benefit analysis inlandscape conservation decision-making is first addressed. It is stressed that substantial research on how to value alternative conservation schemes is required, in order to cope with emerging policy needs. An analytical frame for the valuation of alternative landscape conservation schemes is then discussed. This frame enablesthe analyst to sequentially disaggregate values for whole landscape changes over attributes. This is an essential operation if the optimal bundle of landscape attributes is to be selected by cost-benefit analysis. The concept of substitution between landscape attributes plays an essential role within the whole analytical frame. The circumstances that lead to anticipate substitution between landscape attributes are explored. A brief review of the alternative empirical strategies for landscape valuation is then carried out, to check whether they permit sequential desegregation of landscape value over attributes. Next, an empirical application to the valuation of landscape attribute changes in the Pennine Dales Environmentally Sensitive Area is presented. The empirical results confirm the idea of the prevalence of substitution in valuation in most practical contexts. To illustrate the potential of the proposed approach, a sequential cost-benefit analysis of attribute changes along consistent paths of aggregation is then carried out – which eventually leads to the selection of optimal bundles of landscape attributes. Some problems and limitations of the approach are also discussed. Among them, the question of non-uniqueness, or path dependency of the optimum is given particular consideration.

Deformation Structure and Texture Transformations in Twinned Fcc Metals: Critical Role of Micro- and Macro- Scale Shear Bands

2007 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Paul ◽  
Julian H. Driver
Keyword(s):  
Shear Banding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Fcc Metals ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Local Lattice ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
Scale Shear ◽  
Sem Analyses

Microstructure and texture development in twinned fcc metals is investigated in order to characterize the influence of micro- and macro-scale brass-type shear bands (SB) on structural and textural changes at large deformations. TEM and SEM analyses are focused on bands developed by plane strain compression in twinned C{112}<111> oriented single crystals. The proposed crystallographic model of the shear banding phenomenon refers to the idea of local lattice reorientation within narrow areas. Most of these rotations occur around the TD||<110> axis with significant further rotations about <112> poles. These two rotations explain the influence of SB’s on the formation of Goss{110}<001> and brass{110}<112>-S{123}<634> texture components clearly observed in highly deformed low SFE metals. At high deformations symmetrically equivalent crystal lattice rotations inside narrow areas lead to the formation of positive and negative macroscopic SBs.

THE EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS ON WALKABILITY IN EGYPTIAN GATED COMMUNITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anwer Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Motorized Transport

Walking has always been one of the important modes of transport all over the world. During the second half of the twentieth century, motorized modes, especially private cars, emerged. A situation of overdependence on motorized transport evolved. Recently, the notion of reviving walking as one of the urban transport modes started to emerge, especially in developed countries. Both research work and professional practice now search for ways to rehabilitate urban areas in order to facilitate walking and cycling. The focus has mainly been on macro-scale factors such as land use distribution and street network planning. However, landscape elements, such as micro-scale measures, could play an important role in achieving that goal. This paper addresses the role of landscape elements in enhancing urban walkability. It mainly focuses on gated communities, which are widely emerging types of residential urban areas across the world and also in Egypt. Using statistical analysis, the paper identifies the most important landscape elements that could affect the walkability of gated communities in Egypt.

Społeczne i kulturowe determinanty funkcjonowania państwa u progu XXI wieku

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (282) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Michał Strzelecki
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civic Awareness ◽  
Political Scene

The contemporary state crisis is a derivative of complex economic and social processes. His indicators include not only the visible increase in the intensity of political conflicts (both on a micro and macro scale), the revival and development of separatist tendencies, and the weakening of the role of the state as the basic instrument of organizing collective life. It is also increasing fragmentation of the political scene, the development of particularisms, weakening and progressive dysfunctionality of existing political institutions, increasing economic rivalry and the collapse of the generally accepted axiological system, which is accompanied by increasingly clear questioning of the idea of the common good and progressing pragmatism and egoism. An important element is therefore the disappearance of civic awareness and activity. The intensification of these disturbing tendencies is certainly not supported by the modern education system, whose hallmarks are commercialization and economization, withdrawal of the state and professionalization.

scholarly journals The role of climate and plant functional trade-offs in shaping global biome and biodiversity patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Reu ◽  
Raphaël Proulx ◽  
Kristin Bohn ◽  
James G. Dyke ◽  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Trade Offs
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