scholarly journals The role of evolutionary processes in producing biodiversity patterns, and the interrelationships between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic biodiversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns

scholarly journals The Role of Elision in Evolutionary Processes

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
María Azofra Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Theoretical Overview

Changes by elision—as well as those due to processes of adfunctionalization or refunctionalization—must be taken into account as explanatory mechanisms of linguistic change. In this paper, we study the role of elision in the theoretical overview of explanatory theories of language change by focusing on the evolutionary process of the Spanish adverb aparte. We analyze the consequences of the elision of an initial construction for the development of new functions as an exceptive or additive adverb, and as an additive connector with a specific meaning, conditioned by the evolution of the entire construction. We find that, in this case, the ellipsis of a verbal element has led to important modifications of the preserved item (aparte), not only at the semantic-pragmatic and functional levels but also in its category membership.

scholarly journals Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Shaping Viral Genetic Diversity

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Retel ◽  
Hanna Märkle ◽  
Lutz Becks ◽  
Philine Feulner
Keyword(s):  
Joint Effect ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
Genetic Inference

The contemporary genomic diversity of viruses is a result of the continuous and dynamic interaction of past ecological and evolutionary processes. Thus, genome sequences of viruses can be a valuable source of information about these processes. In this review, we first describe the relevant processes shaping viral genomic variation, with a focus on the role of host–virus coevolution and its potential to give rise to eco-evolutionary feedback loops. We further give a brief overview of available methodology designed to extract information about these processes from genomic data. Short generation times and small genomes make viruses ideal model systems to study the joint effect of complex coevolutionary and eco-evolutionary interactions on genetic evolution. This complexity, together with the diverse array of lifetime and reproductive strategies in viruses ask for extensions of existing inference methods, for example by integrating multiple information sources. Such integration can broaden the applicability of genetic inference methods and thus further improve our understanding of the role viruses play in biological communities.

scholarly journals The resolution‐dependent role of landscape attributes in shaping macro‐scale biodiversity patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanning Qiu ◽  
Shuqing N. Teng ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Joana Santana ◽  
Jens‐Christian Svenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Landscape Attributes

scholarly journals The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: what is the debate about, and what might success for the extenders look like?

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lewens
Keyword(s):  
Niche Construction ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Extended Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Debate over the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) ranges over three quite different domains of enquiry. Protagonists are committed to substantive positions regarding (1) empirical questions concerning (for example) the properties and prevalence of systems of epigenetic inheritance; (2) historical characterizations of the modern synthesis; and (3) conceptual/philosophical matters concerning (among other things) the nature of evolutionary processes, and the relationship between selection and adaptation. With these different aspects of the debate in view, it is possible to demonstrate the range of cross-cutting positions on offer when well-informed evolutionists consider their stance on the EES. This overview of the multiple dimensions of debate also enables clarification of two philosophical elements of the EES debate, regarding the status of niche-construction and the role of selection in explaining adaptation. Finally, it points the way to a possible resolution of the EES debate, via a pragmatic approach to evolutionary enquiry.

scholarly journals The role of climate and plant functional trade-offs in shaping global biome and biodiversity patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Reu ◽  
Raphaël Proulx ◽  
Kristin Bohn ◽  
James G. Dyke ◽  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Chaperones, Canalization, and Evolution of Animal Forms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Developmental Biologist ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Organismal Development ◽  
Developmental Buffering

Over half a century ago, British developmental biologist Conrad Hal Waddington proposed the idea of canalization, that is, homeostasis in development. Since the breakthrough that was made by Rutherford and Lindquist (1998), who proposed a role of Hsp90 in developmental buffering, chaperones have gained much attention in the study of canalization. However, recent studies have revealed that a number of other molecules are also potentially involved in canalization. Here, I introduce the emerging role of DnaJ chaperones in canalization. I also discuss how the expression levels of such buffering molecules can be altered, thereby altering organismal development. Since developmental robustness is maternally inherited in various organisms, I propose that dynamic bet hedging, an increase in within-clutch variation in offspring phenotypes that is caused by unpredictable environmental challenges to the mothers, plays a key role in altering the expression levels of buffering molecules. Investigating dynamic bet hedging at the molecular level and how it impacts upon morphological phenotypes will help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of canalization and evolutionary processes.

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