scholarly journals Yield responses of wild C3and C4crop progenitors to subambient CO2: a test for the role of CO2limitation in the origin of agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cunniff ◽  
Glynis Jones ◽  
Michael Charles ◽  
Colin P. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Yield Responses ◽  
Origin Of Agriculture

Field responses to cobalt and molybdenum by different legume species, with inferences on the role of cobalt in legume growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Gladstones ◽  
JF Loneragan ◽  
NA Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Molybdenum Addition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Yield Responses

Six legume species were sown over two seasons on a sandy lateritic soil of marginal cobalt and molybdenum status, with varying rates and combinations of applied cobalt and molybdenum. The seeds were from plants previously grown on the same soil without cobalt or molybdenum addition. Species differed in their responses. Lupinus angustifolius responded strongly to cobalt, which increased dry matter yield by nearly 50%, but at most only marginally to molybdenum. Lupinus cosentinii, Vicia atropurpurea and Trifolium subterraneum responded to molybdenum but not to cobalt. Lupinus luteus, and more doubtfully Trifolium hirtum, responded to neither element. Yield responses to molybdenum were always accompanied by increased nitrogen concentrations in the tops. Cobalt application resulted in either no change or a reduction ir, nitrogen concentration in the tops, even when yield was increased. No interaction was evident between the two elements. Neither element increased nodule numbers, which were ample in all treatments, but in L. angustfolius cobalt markedly increased both nodule size and to a lesser extent crown nodule incidence and slightly increased leg-haemoglobin concentration. Possible reasons are discussed for the unexpectedly unchanged or reduced nitrogen concentrations in the tops of L. angustifolius showing yield responses to cobalt. One suggestion is that enhanced rhizobium and nodule growth resulted in greater cytokinin production, with a greater effect on top growth under the conditions of the experiments than that stemming from increased nitrogen fixation.

THE ROLE OF WATER IN THE GROWTH OF THE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) CROP: A SYNTHESIS OF RESEARCH IN EASTERN AFRICA. 2. WATER PRODUCTIVITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. V. CARR
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Drought Mitigation ◽  
Yield Responses

SUMMARYWith a focus on eastern Africa, the results of research on the water requirements and responses of tea to irrigation and drought are reviewed. In particular, work undertaken at the Ngwazi Tea Research Station (formerly Unit) in southern Tanzania is synthesized. Topics covered include: crop water use, yield responses to water for mature and immature tea, comparisons between clones (including composite plants), plant density/water availability interactions, dry matter production and partitioning, drought mitigation, crop modelling and irrigation systems. Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of the work and its relevance to the tea industry it serves. A companion paper reviews our understanding of the water relations of the tea plant and, in particular, the mechanisms responsible for the responses observed in the field.

Dynamics of biologically fixed N in legume-cereal rotations: a review

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Chalk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Symbiotic Dependence ◽  
N Harvest Index ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Total Soil N ◽  
N Pool

Agronomically significant N yield responses of cereals following grain legumes compared with cereal monoculture are frequently measured. The positive N response of the cereal has been attributed to the transfer of biologically fixed N, to N-sparing under the antecedent legume, and to less immobilisation of nitrate during the decomposition of legume residues. Methods for estimating the transfer of biologically fixed N in rotations, and for separating the N benefit into fixed N and non-fixed N components, are reviewed. Available data indicate that both sources of N contribute to the N benefit. The role of the grain legume in the gain or drain of soil N is evaluated by considering the balance between symbiotic dependence and N harvest index, as well as long-term changes in total soil N. Several 15N-based techniques for direct estimation of inputs of biologically fixed N to the soil N pool are reviewed. N balances in grain legume-cereal rotations may be positive or negative depending on the legume species, symbiotic performance, and agronomic factors.

Moisture and nitrate conservation and reponses to following after medic ley in the Wimmera

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Tuohey ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
DR Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of three times of initial cultivation (August, October, February-March) on grain yield, grain protein content, moisture conservation, and nitrate accumulation was studied over a period of seven years at three sites in the Wimmera on land that had been under medic ley. Fallowing in winter (August) or spring (October) markedly increased grain yields but not grain-protein content when compared with the non-fallow control (initial cultivation in February-March). Variation in yield response to both winter and spring fallowing appeared to be associated mainly with variation in moisture conservation in the 30-60 cm layer. With winter fallowing, the nitrate that accumulated was associated with yield increases, but with spring fallowing the nitrate appeared to he associated with yield depression. However, the role of nitrate accumulation in determining yield responses to fallowing was only of minor importance. Suppression of weeds in the crop was not a factor in producing the large yield responses to fallowing since crops on both fallowed and non-fallowed areas were generally weedfree. Results obtained in the current experiments indicate that the aspects of climate suggested by work in South Australia as being the ones that determine yield responses to fallowing are not the ones which are important in the Wimmera. In this environment the most promising predictors of yield responses to fallowing appear to be April to August rainfall before commencement of the winter fallow and September rainfall before commencement of the spring fallow.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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