The carbon fertilization effect over a century of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: higher intracellular CO2 and more drought resistance among invasive and native grass species contrasts with increased water use efficiency for woody plants in the US Southwest

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Drake ◽  
David T. Hanson ◽  
Timothy K. Lowrey ◽  
Zachary D. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Us Southwest ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Carbon Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Water Deficit Modulates the CO2 Fertilization Effect on Plant Gas Exchange and Leaf-Level Water Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Dagang Guo ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
Xining Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stimulation Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([eCO2]) and soil water deficits significantly influence gas exchange in plant leaves, affecting the carbon-water cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how the soil water deficit modulates the plant CO2 fertilization effect, especially for gas exchange and leaf-level water use efficiency (WUE). Here, we synthesized a comprehensive dataset including 554 observations from 54 individual studies and quantified the responses for leaf gas exchange induced by e[CO2] under water deficit. Moreover, we investigated the contribution of plant net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rates (Tr) toward WUE in water deficit conditions and e[CO2] using graphical vector analysis (GVA). In summary, e[CO2] significantly increased Pn and WUE by 11.9 and 29.3% under well-watered conditions, respectively, whereas the interaction of water deficit and e[CO2] slightly decreased Pn by 8.3%. Plants grown under light in an open environment were stimulated to a greater degree compared with plants grown under a lamp in a closed environment. Meanwhile, water deficit reduced Pn by 40.5 and 37.8%, while increasing WUE by 24.5 and 21.5% under ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and e[CO2], respectively. The e[CO2]-induced stimulation of WUE was attributed to the common effect of Pn and Tr, whereas a water deficit induced increase in WUE was linked to the decrease in Tr. These results suggested that water deficit lowered the stimulation of e[CO2] induced in plants. Therefore, fumigation conditions that closely mimic field conditions and multi-factorial experiments such as water availability are needed to predict the response of plants to future climate change.

Effects of Water Retaining Agent on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Hemarthria compressa

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2236-2239
Author(s):  
Jun Ying Jin ◽  
Wei Hua Zhang ◽  
Bao Chang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hemarthria Compressa ◽  
Maximum Threshold

The application of water retaining agent could evidently improve water use efficiency. The WUE was increased with the duration of using water retaining agent, compared with the control, it increased 5 to 11 times with the duration of 8 to16d, and the growth (eg. height, the ratio of shoot to root, and yield et al) and physiological indices (eg. root activities and chlorophyll contents) were not affected. Moreover, compared with the control, the proline content increased 3 times, which showed that the application of water retaining agent improve the drought resistance, and the maximum threshold was 16d for keeping the normal growth of Hemarthria compressa in this study.

scholarly journals Vegetable Grafting as a Tool to Improve Drought Resistance and Water Use Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Use Efficiency

Research Progress on Water Use Efficiency and Drought Resistance of Turfgrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xin ◽  
Yan Qing-wei ◽  
Zhang Lu ◽  
Liu Hui-min ◽  
Zheng Hai-xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water use, water use efficiency and drought resistance among warm-season turfgrasses in shallow soil profiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Christopher J. Lambrides ◽  
Ryan Kearns ◽  
Changrong Ye ◽  
Shu Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency

As the available water supply for urban turfgrass management is becoming limited in Australia, it will be crucial to identify drought-resistant turfgrass species and water-saving management strategies. Eight (pre-)commercial turfgrasses grown in Australia, two each of four species including the bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon L.), the Queensland blue couches (Digitaria didactyla Willd), the seashore paspalums (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.) and St Augustinegrasses (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze) were evaluated in two lysimeter experiments. Shallow lysimeters (28 and 40 cm) were used to represent shallow soil profiles typical of urban environments. We measured gravimetric water use for the eight cultivars and calculated water use efficiency (WUE, clipping yield to water use ratio) and WUEr (ratio of WUE under drought to that under irrigated conditions). WUEr measured in both experiments correlated strongly with survival period and this relationship was not affected by soil type or cutting height. Using survival period as the criterion for drought resistance, the best were the bermudagrasses and the worst were the seashore paspalums and Queensland blue couches. The bermudagrass genotypes had the lowest water use, highest WUE and WUEr and the Queensland blue couches and seashore paspalums had the greatest water use, lowest WUE and WUEr. The possible mechanisms of drought resistance included lower water use and lower stomatal conductance as indicated by higher canopy temperature in the early stage of water deficit.

scholarly journals Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, increased leaf-level productivity, and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1521
Author(s):  
Tammo Reichgelt ◽  
William J. D'Andrea ◽  
Ailín del C. Valdivia-McCarthy ◽  
Bethany R. S. Fox ◽  
Jennifer M. Bannister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase global temperatures, plant water-use efficiency, and carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere. A CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial vegetation is predicted to cause global greening as the potential ecospace for forests expands. However, leaf-level fertilization effects, such as increased productivity and water-use efficiency, have not been documented from fossil leaves in periods of heightened atmospheric CO2. Here, we use leaf gas-exchange modeling on a well-preserved fossil flora from early Miocene New Zealand, as well as two previously published tropical floras from the same time period, to reconstruct atmospheric CO2, leaf-level productivity, and intrinsic water-use efficiency. Leaf gas-exchange rates reconstructed from early Miocene fossils, which grew at southern temperate and tropical latitudes when global average temperatures were 5–6 ∘C higher than today, reveal that atmospheric CO2 was ∼450–550 ppm. Early Miocene CO2 was similar to projected values for 2040 CE and is consistent with an Earth system sensitivity of 3–7 ∘C to a doubling of CO2. The Southern Hemisphere temperate leaves had higher reconstructed productivity than modern analogs, likely due to a longer growing season. This higher productivity was presumably mirrored at northern temperate latitudes as well, where a greater availability of landmass would have led to increased carbon storage in forest biomass relative to today. Intrinsic water-use efficiency of both temperate and tropical forest trees was high, toward the upper limit of the range for modern trees, which likely expanded the habitable range in regions that could not support forests with high moisture demands under lower atmospheric CO2. Overall, early Miocene elevated atmospheric CO2 sustained globally higher temperatures, and our results provide the first empirical evidence of concomitant enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency, indicating a forest fertilization effect.

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