Macrophyte beds in a subtropical reservoir shifted from a nutrient sink to a source after drying then rewetting

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Stephen J. Faggotter ◽  
Stuart E. Bunn ◽  
Michele A. Burford
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Sink

scholarly journals The malarial impact on the nutritional status of Amazonian adult subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C. M. Pereira ◽  
Domingos A. Meira ◽  
Paulo R. Curi ◽  
Nelson de Souza ◽  
Roberto C. Burini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Nutrient Sink ◽  
Quetelet Index

The anthropometric (body weight, height, upper arm circumference, triceps and subescapular skinfolds; Quetelet index and arm muscle circunference) and blood biochemistry (proteins and lipids) parameters were evaluated in 93 males and 27 females, 17-72 years old voluntaries living in the malarial endemic area of Humaita city (southwest Amazon). According to their malarial history they were assembled in four different groups: G1-controls without malarial history (n:30); G2 - controls with malarial history but without actual manifestation of the disease (n:40); G3 - patients with Plasmodium vivax (n:19) and G4 - patients with Plasmodium falciparum (n:31). The malarial status was stablished by clinical and laboratory findings. The overall data of anthropometry and blood biochemistry discriminated the groups differently. The anthropometric data were low sensitive and contrasted only the two extremes (G1>G4) whereas the biochemistry differentiated two big groups, the healthy (G1+G2) and the patients (G3+G4). The nutritional status of the P. falciparum patients was highly depressed for most of the studied indices but none was sensitive enough to differentiate this group from the P. vivax group (G3). On the other hand the two healthy groups could be differentiated through the levels of ceruloplasmin (G1<G2) and alpha nitrogen (G1>G2). Thus it seems that the malaria-malnourishment state exists and the results could be framed either as a consequence of nutrient sink and/or the infection stress both motivated by the parasite.

APICAL DOMINANCE ASSERTED OVER LATERAL BUDS BY THE GALL OF RHABDOPHAGA STROBILOIDES (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1277-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Nutrient Sink ◽  
Plant Galls

Plant galls are growth deformities developed under the influence of parasitic insects. The process of differentiation of normal plant tissue into gall tissue has been examined by many authors (Kostoff and Kendall 1929; Rohfristch 1977; see also Mani 1964) but less effort has been made to study the effects of the gallmaker on plant tissues outside the vicinity of active gall formation. Negative effects on the overall growth of the host plant can be expected because the gall acts as an energy and nutrient sink (Palct 1972; Hartnett and Abrahamson 1979), which can cause abnormal patterns of resource allocation among plant organs.

scholarly journals Hypersaline tidal flats as important Blue Carbon systems: A case study from three ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan R. Brown ◽  
Humberto Marrota ◽  
Roberta B. Peixoto ◽  
Alex Enrich-Prast ◽  
Glenda C. Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Carbon Framework ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
Nutrient Sink

Abstract. Hypersaline tidal flats (HTFs) are coastal ecosystems with freshwater deficits often occurring in arid or semi-arid regions near mangrove supratidal zones with no major fluvial contributions. Here, we estimate that organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are being buried at rates averaging 21 (± 6), 1.7 (± 0.3), and 1.4 (± 0.3) g m−2 y−1, respectively, during the previous century in three contrasting HTFs systems, one in Brazil (eutrophic) and two in Australia (oligotrophic). Although these rates are lower than those from nearby mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass systems, the importance of HTFs as sinks for OC, TN and TP may be significant given their extensive coverage. Despite the measured short-term variability between net air-saltpan CO2 influx and emission estimates found during the dry and wet season in the Brazilian HTF, the only site with seasonal CO2 fluxes measurements, the OC sedimentary profiles over several decades suggests efficient OC burial at all sites. Indeed, the stable isotopes of OC and TN (δ13C and δ15N) along with C : N ratios show that microphytobenthos are the major source of the buried OC in these HTFs. Our findings highlight a previously unquantified carbon as well as nutrient sink and suggest that coastal HTF ecosystems could be included in the emerging blue carbon framework.

CABBAGES AS A NUTRIENT SINK FOR FOOD PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS

2005 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Matthew ◽  
C.J. Birch ◽  
P.G. Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
By Products ◽  
Nutrient Sink

scholarly journals Nutrient sink limitation constrains growth in two barley species with contrasting growth strategies

Plant Direct ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. e00094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Burnett ◽  
Alistair Rogers ◽  
Mark Rees ◽  
Colin P. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Sink Limitation ◽  
Nutrient Sink

Shifting nutrient sink and source functions of stormwater detention areas in sub-tropics

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shukla ◽  
A. Shukla ◽  
J.M. Knowles ◽  
W.G. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Sink

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF GALL INDUCERS IN WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harris ◽  
J.D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gall Inducer ◽  
Nutrient Sink

AbstractGall inducers are favoured as biocontrol agents of weeds because they tend to have a narrow host range. Six insect and one nematode gall inducer used in Canada are described in terms of their biology, gall morphology, gall physiology, and effectiveness in weed control. The species differ in plant organ attacked, requirement for moisture, whether the galls are induced by secretions or by severing xylem, and effectiveness, which in part relates to the ability of the gall to import nutrients. The most powerful galls divert assimilates from other sinks via a gall’s vascular system joined to that of their host. One of our examples also has mechanisms to compensate for reduction of turgor during drought. Two of the gall inducers enhance their nutrient supply by severing xylem in a plant nutrient sink. One, in the short-term sink of a thistle capitulum, obtains about a quarter of its assimilates at the expense of other capitula. The other, in the long-term sink of a rosette root, approximately halves seed production. Hypotheses are presented to explain various aspects of gall development and function.

scholarly journals Insect derived extra oral GH32 plays a role in susceptibility of wheat to Hessian fly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashree Subramanyam ◽  
Jill A. Nemacheck ◽  
Victor Bernal-Crespo ◽  
Nagesh Sardesai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Nutrient Sink

AbstractThe Hessian fly is an obligate parasite of wheat causing significant economic damage, and triggers either a resistant or susceptible reaction. However, the molecular mechanisms of susceptibility leading to the establishment of the larvae are unknown. Larval survival on the plant requires the establishment of a steady source of readily available nutrition. Unlike other insect pests, the Hessian fly larvae have minute mandibles and cannot derive their nutrition by chewing tissue or sucking phloem sap. Here, we show that the virulent larvae produce the glycoside hydrolase MdesGH32 extra-orally, that localizes within the leaf tissue being fed upon. MdesGH32 has strong inulinase and invertase activity aiding in the breakdown of the plant cell wall inulin polymer into monomers and converting sucrose, the primary transport sugar in plants, to glucose and fructose, resulting in the formation of a nutrient-rich tissue. Our finding elucidates the molecular mechanism of nutrient sink formation and establishment of susceptibility.

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