scholarly journals Speciation history of a species complex of Primulina eburnea (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of southern China, a biodiversity hot spot

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Bin Ai ◽  
Hanghui Kong ◽  
Ming Kang
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
History Of

Vernacular Capitalism and Intellectual History in a Gujarati Account of China, 1860–68

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Michael O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Late Qing China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This article examines one of the earliest Gujarati travelogues concerning China, written by Damodar Ishwardas—a Hindu resident of Bombay and a clerk for a Sunni Khoja commercial firm—and published in Bombay in 1868. Based on a three-year trip to the port cities of southern China, Ishwardas's text runs close to 400 pages and was patronized by a prominent stratum of Bombay's Gujarati-speaking commercial and bureaucratic elite. The primary intervention in this article is to analyze Ishwardas's account as a neglected relic of vernacular capitalism and vernacular intellectual history. Furthermore, the text presents an opportunity to reexamine the history of the Indian intellectual and mercantile engagement with late Qing China, especially before anticolonial nationalism and pan-Asianism supplied new paradigms for Indian writing on East Asia beginning around 1900. It further points to the many unstudied Indian materials that have yet to be integrated into the study of modern capitalism in the regions from the South China Sea to the western Indian Ocean.

Pseudallescheria boydii Species Complex Fungal Rhinitis and Sinusitis in a Dog

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bruskiewicz ◽  
Martin Crawford-Jakubiak
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Pseudallescheria Boydii ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
History Of

A 9 yr old male castrated Australian shepherd mixed-breed dog with a 3 mo history of intermittent unilateral epistaxis was diagnosed with Pseudallescheria boydii species complex fungal rhinitis and sinusitis. This fungal organism is a rare cause of disease in dogs and an emerging human pathogen. The dog was successfully treated with topical clotrimazole.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Novel clcn7 Variant Associated With Osteopetrosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii S. Bug ◽  
Ildar M. Barkhatov ◽  
Yana V. Gudozhnikova ◽  
Artem V. Tishkov ◽  
Natalia V. Petukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Uncertain Significance ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Osteopetrosis is a group of rare inheritable disorders of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density. The disease is remarkably heterogeneous in clinical presentation and often misdiagnosed. Therefore, genetic testing and molecular pathogenicity analysis are essential for precise diagnosis and new targets for preventive pharmacotherapy. Mutations in the CLCN7 gene give rise to the complete spectrum of osteopetrosis phenotypes and are responsible for about 75% of cases of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. In this study, we report the identification of a novel variant in the CLCN7 gene in a patient diagnosed with osteopetrosis and provide evidence for its significance (likely deleterious) based on extensive comparative genomics, protein sequence and structure analysis. A set of automated bioinformatics tools used to predict consequences of this variant identified it as deleterious or pathogenic. Structure analysis revealed that the variant is located at the same “hot spot” as the most common CLCN7 mutations causing osteopetrosis. Deep phylogenetic reconstruction showed that not only Leu614Arg, but any non-aliphatic substitutions in this position are evolutionarily intolerant, further supporting the deleterious nature of the variant. The present study provides further evidence that reconstructing a precise evolutionary history of a gene helps predicting phenotypical consequences of variants of uncertain significance.

scholarly journals Emerging Cryptococcus gattii species complex infections in Guangxi, southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e0008493
Author(s):  
Chunyang Huang ◽  
Clement K. M. Tsui ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Kaisu Pan ◽  
Xiuying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii

scholarly journals Genetic structure and biogeographic history of the Bicknell’s Thrush/ Gray-cheeked Thrush species complex

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Fitzgerald ◽  
Jason Weir ◽  
Joel Ralston ◽  
Ian G Warkentin ◽  
Darroch M Whitaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Bicknell's Thrush

Abstract We examined species limits, admixture, and genetic structure among populations in the Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)–Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus) species complex to establish the geographic and temporal context of speciation in this group, which is a model system in ecology and a high conservation priority. We obtained mitochondrial ND2 sequences from 186 Bicknell’s Thrushes, 77 Gray-cheeked Thrushes, and 55 individuals of their closest relative, the Veery (C. fuscescens), and genotyped a subset of individuals (n = 72) at 5,633 anonymous single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci. Between-species sequence divergence was an order of magnitude greater than divergence within each species, divergence was dated to the late Pleistocene (420 kbp) based on Bayesian coalescence estimation, and a coalescent model (IMa) revealed almost no gene flow between species based on ND2. SNP data were consistent with mitochondrial results and revealed low levels of admixture among species (3 of 37 Bicknell’s Thrushes, no Gray-cheeked Thrushes, and no Veeries were >2% admixed). Species distribution models projected to the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush resided in primarily allopatric refugia in the late Pleistocene, consistent with the genetic data that support reproductive isolation over an extended period of time. Our genetic data suggest that both species underwent demographic expansions, possibly as they expanded out of Pleistocene refugia into their current ranges. We conclude that Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush are 2 distinct species-level lineages despite low levels of Gray-cheeked Thrush introgression in Bicknell’s Thrushes, and divergence has been maintained by a long history of allopatry in subtly different habitats. Their unique phylogeography among boreal forest birds indicates that either cryptic species breaks in eastern North America are still undiscovered, or another factor, such as divergent natural selection, high migratory connectivity, or interspecific competition, played a role in their divergence.

Surviving Economic Crises in Southeast Asia and Southern China: The History of Eu Yan Sang Business Conglomerates in Penang, Singapore and Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Po-Yin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
History Of

Prologue: Business Environment and Economic BehaviorFor more than two decades, sociologists, historians and economic geographers have produced many case studies on Chinese family businesses. A major consensus of these works suggests that ‘networking’, especially ethnic and familial, is extremely important to Chinese businesses. Various models and theories have been employed to explain this phenomenon. Notable among these explanations is the idea of Chinese entrepreneurship. According to this idea, such ethnicity-based groups as the Cantonese and the Fujianese (of the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian), are regarded to be culturally oriented towards business entrepreneurship and the cultivation of business networks. Before the outbreak of the Asian economic crisis in October 1997, many researchers believed that ‘Chinese entrepreneurship’ and the ‘business culture of networking’ contributed to the success of Chinese businesses in Asia (especially in the ‘Four Little Dragons’ of coastal Asia). For example, Confucian ethics and its emphasis on familial and ethnic networks is regarded as an asset for business expansion by Chinese international enterprises based in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. After the outbreak of the crisis, more research on the nature of Chinese entrepreneurship and the culture of networking was carried out. This research started from a different angle. The reliance on politically secured economic privileges (i.e.; nepotism), was identified as a defect of networking and thus, one of the major underlying causes of the crisis. The claim that the culture of networking contributes to business success actually offers a readily available explanation for its failure as well (see for examples Redding, 1990; Yeung, 1997; Yeung, 1998).

Fine-mapping complex inversion breakpoints and investigating somatic pairing in the Anopheles gambiae species complex using proximity-ligation sequencing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell B. Corbett-Detig ◽  
Iskander Said ◽  
Maria Calzetta ◽  
Max Genetti ◽  
Jakob McBroome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Proximity Ligation ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Somatic Pairing ◽  
Inversion Breakpoints ◽  
Rich History

AbstractChromosomal inversions are fundamental drivers of genome evolution. In the main afro-tropical malaria vector species, belonging to the Anopheles gambiae species complex, inversions play an important role in local adaptation and have a rich history of cytological study. Despite the importance and ubiquity of some chromosomal inversions across the species complex, inversion breakpoints are often challenging to map molecularly due to the presence of large repetitive regions. Here, we develop an approach that uses Hi-C sequencing data to molecularly fine-map the breakpoints of inversions 2Rbc and 2Rd in A. coluzzii. We found that inversion breakpoints occur in large repetitive regions, and strikingly among three inversions analyzed, two breakpoints appear to be reused in two separate inversions. Additionally, we use heterozygous individuals to quantitatively investigate somatic pairing disruption in the regions immediately surrounding inversion breakpoints, and we find that pairing disruption is undetectable beyond approximately 250 Kb from the inversion breakpoints.

scholarly journals The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island Biotas, New Guinea to Eastern Polynesia: Patterns and Processes

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Majer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

A number of publications have considered the biogeography of various subsets of the Pacific Region, including the earlier works by J. L. Gressitt (Pacific Basin Biogeography) and by F. J. Radovsky and others (Biogeography of the Tropical Pacific). In addition to these, substantial edited volumes have been produced on the Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea (by J. L. Gressitt), on Biogeography and Ecology in Australia (by A. Keast), on the relationship between these two regions in Bridge and Barrier: The Natural and Cultural History of the Torres Strait (by D. Walker) and on Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolution of a Hot Spot Archipelago (by W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk). A substantial list of papers, reviews and symposia also pertain to the biogeography of this region.

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