scholarly journals The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island Biotas, New Guinea to Eastern Polynesia: Patterns and Processes

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Majer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

A number of publications have considered the biogeography of various subsets of the Pacific Region, including the earlier works by J. L. Gressitt (Pacific Basin Biogeography) and by F. J. Radovsky and others (Biogeography of the Tropical Pacific). In addition to these, substantial edited volumes have been produced on the Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea (by J. L. Gressitt), on Biogeography and Ecology in Australia (by A. Keast), on the relationship between these two regions in Bridge and Barrier: The Natural and Cultural History of the Torres Strait (by D. Walker) and on Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolution of a Hot Spot Archipelago (by W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk). A substantial list of papers, reviews and symposia also pertain to the biogeography of this region.

scholarly journals Solar Cycle Signals in the Pacific and the Issue of Timings

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1446-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Roy ◽  
Joanna D. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Aleutian Low ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Strong Positive Signal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract The solar cycle signal in sea level pressure during 1856–2007 is analyzed. Using composites of data from January–February in solar cycle peak years the strong positive signal in the region of the Aleutian low, found by previous authors, is confirmed. It is found, however, that signals in other regions of the globe, particularly in the South Pacific, are very sensitive to the choice of reference climatology. Also investigated is the relationship between solar activity and sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific. A marked overall association of higher solar activity with colder temperatures in the tropical Pacific that is not restricted to years of peak sunspot number is noted. The ENSO-like variation following peak years that has been suggested by other authors is not found as a consistent signal. Both the SLP and SST signals vary coherently with the solar cycle and neither evolves on an ENSO-like time scale. The solar signals are weaker during the period spanning approximately 1956–97, which may be due to masking by a stronger innate ENSO variability at that time.

Hybrid with What? The Relationship between Jewish Culture and Other People’s Cultures

2007 ◽  
pp. 82-110
Author(s):  
Moshe Rosman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hybridity Theory

This chapter examines some problems posed by the Jewish pluralism paradigm. With regard to the metasolution of influence, there is a firm article of faith shared by practically all of today's Judaica scholars that, in all times and places, pre-modern or ‘traditional’ Jews lived in intimate interaction with surrounding cultures to the point where they may be considered to be embedded in them and, consequently, indebted to them in terms of culture. This contrasts with an older conception of Jewish culture which represented Jews as living in at least semi-isolation from the non-Jewish world. The chapter thus demonstrates that there are more than these two possible approaches to the history of Jewish culture, and that these two themselves should be understood in a more sophisticated way. It asserts that the first approach (universal cultural influence, in its incarnation as hybridity theory), when applied mechanically, unimaginatively, and uncritically can be as ideological, dogmatic, and inappropriate as the second (Jewish cultural autonomy) often has been. The chapter next contemplates the metahistories implied by the various approaches to Jewish cultural history and their relationship to intellectual presuppositions for engaging in Jewish studies in the academy.

A 12-Million-Year Temperature History of the Tropical Pacific Ocean

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 344 (6179) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ge Zhang ◽  
Mark Pagani ◽  
Zhonghui Liu
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Seawater Chemistry ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

The appearance of permanent El Niño–like conditions prior to 3 million years ago is founded on sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions that show invariant Pacific warm pool temperatures and negligible equatorial zonal temperature gradients. However, only a few SST records are available, and these are potentially compromised by changes in seawater chemistry, diagenesis, and calibration limitations. For this study, we establish new biomarker-SST records and show that the Pacific warm pool was ~4°C warmer 12 million years ago. Both the warm pool and cold tongue slowly cooled toward modern conditions while maintaining a zonal temperature gradient of ~3°C in the late Miocene, which increased during the Plio-Pleistocene. Our results contrast with previous temperature reconstructions that support the supposition of a permanent El Niño–like state.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Rattle Calls in Corvus and Nucifraga: The Effect of Body Size, Bill Size, and Phylogeny

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Laiolo ◽  
Antonio Rolando
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Frequency Peak ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Bill Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Study Species

Abstract We assessed the effect of body size and bill length on the acoustic properties of the rattle calls of 15 corvid species. First, we correlated body traits and the acoustic properties of rattles, regardless of the evolutionary history of the study species. Then we repeated the analysis, taking into account phylogeny and thus excluding its effect on morphological and acoustic characters. When the potential effects of phylogeny were ruled out, the second frequency peak was negatively correlated to body size. The carrying frequency also decreased with decreasing body size, but the relationship was weaker than that resulting from a phylogeny-free analysis. This pattern is consistent with the demonstrated body-size–frequency allometry in the vocalizations of many birds. Bill length also influenced rattle spectral properties. We emphasize that patterns and processes elucidated with comparative studies can be biased if species relatedness is not considered. Análisis Comparativo de las Llamadas de Matraqueo entre Corvus y Nucifraga: Efecto del Tamaño Corporal, Tamaño del Pico y Filogenia Resumen. Evaluamos el efecto del tamaño corporal y la longitud del pico sobre las propiedades acústicas de los llamados de matraqueo de 15 especies de córvidos. Primero, correlacionamos los caracteres corporales con las propiedades acústicas del matraqueo independientemente de la historia evolutiva de las especies estudiadas. Luego, repetimos el análisis tomando en cuenta la filogenia, excluyendo su efecto sobre los caracteres morfológicos y acústicos. Cuando los potenciales efectos filogenéticos fueron removidos, el segundo pico en la frecuencia se correlacionó negativamente con el tamaño corporal. La frecuencia principal también decreció con la disminución del tamaño corporal, pero esta relación fue más débil que la resultante de un análisis sin considerar la filogenia. Este patrón es consistente con la alometría entre el tamaño corporal y la frecuencia de las vocalizaciones de muchas aves. La longitud del pico también influyó sobre las propiedades espectrales del matraqueo. Enfatizamos que los patrones y procesos elucidados a través de estudios comparativos pueden encontrarse sesgados si no se consideran las relaciones entre las especies.

scholarly journals Dueling, Conflicting Masculinities, and the Victorian Gentleman

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article takes an unexplored popular debate from the 1860s over the role of dueling in regulating gentlemanly conduct as the starting point to examine the relationship between elite Victorian masculinities and interpersonal violence. In the absence of a meaningful replacement for dueling and other ritualized acts meant to defend personal honor, multiple modes of often conflicting masculinities became available to genteel men in the middle of the nineteenth century. Considering the security fears of the period––European and imperial, real and imagined––the article illustrates how pacific and martial masculine identities coexisted in a shifting and uneasy balance. The professional character of the enlarging gentlemanly classes and the increased importance of men's domestic identities––trends often aligned with hegemonic masculinity––played an ambivalent role in popular attitudes to interpersonal violence. The cultural history of dueling can thus inform a multifaceted approach toward gender, class, and violence in modern Britain.

scholarly journals Ulisse Aldrovandi’s Color Sensibility: Natural History, Language and the Lay Color Practices of Renaissance Virtuosi

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 358-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Pugliano
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
Standard Nomenclature ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artistic Patronage ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Famed for his collection of drawings of naturalia and his thoughts on the relationship between painting and natural knowledge, it now appears that the Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) also pondered specifically color and pigments, compiling not only lists and diagrams of color terms but also a full-length unpublished manuscript entitled De coloribus or Trattato dei colori. Introducing these writings for the first time, this article portrays a scholar not so much interested in the materiality of pigment production, as in the cultural history of hues. It argues that these writings constituted an effort to build a language of color, in the sense both of a standard nomenclature of hues and of a lexicon, a dictionary of their denotations and connotations as documented in the literature of ancients and moderns. This language would serve the naturalist in his artistic patronage and his natural historical studies, where color was considered one of the most reliable signs for the correct identification of specimens, and a guarantee of accuracy in their illustration. Far from being an exception, Aldrovandi’s ‘color sensibility’ spoke of that of his university-educated nature-loving peers.


The State and Ideology in Meiji Japan—A Review Article

1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
World History ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vast Area

In his presidential address at the 1977 annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Marius Jansen pointed out that the relationship between monarchy and modernization in Japan is a significant subject of research for Western scholars specializing in Japanese studies. Specifically, Jansen emphasized the need to investigate the popular perceptions of the monarch usually overlooked by Japanese historians. He noted that a study of Japanese mentalité must cover a vast area, including “imagery, iconography, and ritual.” Until we “get at” this level of the social and cultural history of modern Japan, Jansen feared, we will fail to gain “a better understanding of modernization, of Japan, in world history” (1977:612–22).

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