Fine-mapping complex inversion breakpoints and investigating somatic pairing in the Anopheles gambiae species complex using proximity-ligation sequencing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell B. Corbett-Detig ◽  
Iskander Said ◽  
Maria Calzetta ◽  
Max Genetti ◽  
Jakob McBroome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Proximity Ligation ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Somatic Pairing ◽  
Inversion Breakpoints ◽  
Rich History

AbstractChromosomal inversions are fundamental drivers of genome evolution. In the main afro-tropical malaria vector species, belonging to the Anopheles gambiae species complex, inversions play an important role in local adaptation and have a rich history of cytological study. Despite the importance and ubiquity of some chromosomal inversions across the species complex, inversion breakpoints are often challenging to map molecularly due to the presence of large repetitive regions. Here, we develop an approach that uses Hi-C sequencing data to molecularly fine-map the breakpoints of inversions 2Rbc and 2Rd in A. coluzzii. We found that inversion breakpoints occur in large repetitive regions, and strikingly among three inversions analyzed, two breakpoints appear to be reused in two separate inversions. Additionally, we use heterozygous individuals to quantitatively investigate somatic pairing disruption in the regions immediately surrounding inversion breakpoints, and we find that pairing disruption is undetectable beyond approximately 250 Kb from the inversion breakpoints.

scholarly journals Fine-Mapping Complex Inversion Breakpoints and Investigating Somatic Pairing in the Anopheles gambiae Species Complex Using Proximity-Ligation Sequencing

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 1495-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell B. Corbett-Detig ◽  
Iskander Said ◽  
Maria Calzetta ◽  
Max Genetti ◽  
Jakob McBroome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Satellite Repeat ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Somatic Pairing ◽  
Inversion Breakpoints

Chromosomal inversions are fundamental drivers of genome evolution. In the main Afrotropical malaria vector species, belonging to the Anopheles gambiae species complex, inversions play an important role in local adaptation and have a rich history of cytological study. Despite the importance and ubiquity of some chromosomal inversions across the species complex, inversion breakpoints are often challenging to map molecularly due to the presence of large repetitive regions. Here, we develop an approach that uses Hi-C sequencing data to molecularly fine-map the breakpoints of inversions. We demonstrate that this approach is robust and likely to be widely applicable for both identification and fine-mapping inversion breakpoints in species whose inversions have heretofore been challenging to characterize. We apply our method to interrogate the previously unknown inversion breakpoints of 2Rbc and 2Rd in An. coluzzii. We found that inversion breakpoints occur in large repetitive regions, and, strikingly, among three inversions analyzed, two breakpoints appear to be reused in two separate inversions. These breakpoint-adjacent regions are strongly enriched for the presence of a 30 bp satellite repeat sequence. Because low frequency inversion breakpoints are not correlated with genomic regions containing this satellite, we suggest that interrupting this particular repeat may result in arrangements with higher relative fitness. Additionally, we use heterozygous individuals to quantitatively investigate the impacts of somatic pairing in the regions immediately surrounding inversion breakpoints. Finally, we discuss important considerations for possible applications of this approach for inversion breakpoint identification in a range of organisms.

scholarly journals Multiple Origins of Cytologically Identical Chromosome Inversions in the Anopheles gambiae Complex

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-814
Author(s):  
Adalgisa Caccone ◽  
Gi-Sik Min ◽  
Jeffrey R Powell
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Gambiae Complex ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Complex ◽  
History Of

Abstract For more than 60 years, evolutionary cytogeneticists have been using naturally occurring chromosomal inversions to infer phylogenetic histories, especially in insects with polytene chromosomes. The validity of this method is predicated on the assumption that inversions arise only once in the history of a lineage, so that sharing a particular inversion implies shared common ancestry. This assumption of monophyly has been generally validated by independent data. We present the first clear evidence that naturally occurring inversions, identical at the level of light microscopic examination of polytene chromosomes, may not always be monophyletic. The evidence comes from DNA sequence analyses of regions within or very near the breakpoints of an inversion called the 2La that is found in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Two species, A. merus and A. arabiensis, which are fixed for the “same” inversion, do not cluster with each other in a phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences within the 2La. Rather, A. merus 2La is most closely related to strains of A. gambiae homozygous for the 2L+. A. gambiae and A. merus are sister taxa, the immediate ancestor was evidently homozygous 2L+, and A. merus became fixed for an inversion cytologically identical to that in A. arabiensis. A. gambiae is polymorphic for 2La/2L+, and the 2La in this species is nearly identical at the DNA level to that in A. arabiensis, consistent with the growing evidence that introgression has or is occurring between these two most important vectors of malaria in the world. The parallel evolution of the “same” inversion may be promoted by the presence of selectively important genes within the breakpoints.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE FORMER KETSKAYA VOLOST

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rich History

The article considers the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the former Ketskaya volost, which is currently a part of the Tomsk region. The formation of Ketsky prison and the architecture of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost are studied. Little is known about the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the Tomsk region and the problems of preserving historical settlements of the country.The aim of this work is to study the formation and development of the village architecture of the former Ketskaya volost, currently included in the Tomsk region.The following scientific methods are used: a critical analysis of the literature, comparative architectural analysis and systems analysis of information, creative synthesis of the findings. The obtained results can be used in preparation of lectures, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.The scientific novelty is a study of the historical and cultural heritage of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost, which has not been studied and published before. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is theoretical works of historians and architects regarding the issue under study as well as the previous  author’s work in the field.It is found that the historical and cultural heritage of the villages of the former Ketskaya volost has a rich history. Old historical buildings, including religious ones are preserved in villages of Togur and Novoilinka. The urban planning of the villages reflects the design and construction principles of the 18th century. The rich natural environment gives this area a special touch. 

scholarly journals The Return of National Self-Sufficiency? Excavating Autarkic Thought in a De-Globalizing Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Helleiner
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
National Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Rich History

Abstract As the global crisis triggered by the COVID-19 virus unfolded, The Economist magazine published a cover in May 2020 titled “Goodbye globalization: the dangerous lure of self-sufficiency.” The title summed up well the new political interest in the ideology of national economic self-sufficiency in the pandemic context. Unfortunately, contemporary textbooks in the field of international political economy (IPE) say little about this kind of “autarkic” thought. No survey of the history of autarkic thought exists even within specialist IPE literature or in the fields of intellectual history and the history of economic thought. Filling this gap in existing scholarship, this article highlights a rich history of autarkic thought that includes the ideas of famous thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Fichte, Mohandas Gandhi, and John Maynard Keynes. Three core rationales for a high degree of national self-sufficiency have been advanced in the past: (1) insulation from foreign economic influence, (2) insulation from foreign political and/or cultural influence, and (3) the promotion of international peace. At the same time, considerable disagreements have existed among autarkists about some of these rationales and their relative importance, as well as about the precise meaning of national self-sufficiency. These disagreements stemmed not just from differences in their specific goals but also from the different conditions across time and space in which autarkic thought was developed. In addition to improving understanding of the autarkic ideological tradition, this article contributes to emerging scholarship attempting to overcome Western-centrism in IPE scholarship as well as literature exploring the new politics of de-globalization in the current era.

Global Pests, National Pride, Local Problems, and the Crisis of Hungarian Wine, 1867–1914

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Robert Nemes
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
National Imagination ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Rich History

Abstract Hungary has a long, rich history of wine production. Historians have emphasized wine's importance to the development of both the Hungarian economy and Hungarian nationalism. This article ties together these historiographical threads through a case study of a small village in one of Hungary's most famous wine regions. Tracing the village's history from the 1860s to World War I, the article makes three main claims. First, it demonstrates that from the start, this remote village belonged to wider networks of trade and exchange that stretched across the surrounding region, state, and continent. Second, it shows that even as Magyar elites celebrated the folk culture and peasant smallholders of this region, they also cheered the introduction of what they saw as scientific, rational agriculture. This leads to the last argument: wine achieved its place in the pantheon of Hungarian culture at a moment when the local communities that had grown up around its production and stirred the national imagination were undergoing dramatic and irreversible change.

Pseudallescheria boydii Species Complex Fungal Rhinitis and Sinusitis in a Dog

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bruskiewicz ◽  
Martin Crawford-Jakubiak
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Pseudallescheria Boydii ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
History Of

A 9 yr old male castrated Australian shepherd mixed-breed dog with a 3 mo history of intermittent unilateral epistaxis was diagnosed with Pseudallescheria boydii species complex fungal rhinitis and sinusitis. This fungal organism is a rare cause of disease in dogs and an emerging human pathogen. The dog was successfully treated with topical clotrimazole.

Breaking Depression’s Silence within the Church through Friendships

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Robert McBain
Keyword(s):  
Local Church ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Church Community ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Typical Response ◽  
Doctor Of Ministry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
The Church ◽  
Rich History

This article explores the silent nature of depression in the local church and suggests that developing Jesus-style friendships can break the silence. It adapts the author’s Doctor of Ministry (DMin) research project, which explored the silent nature of depression in the local church and Christianity’s interpretive healing qualities. This article argues that the church has a rich history of helping sufferers interpret their experiences of depression, but changing worldviews, the growth of the modern medical model, and the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals monopolized health and shoved the church to the periphery of the conversation. Silence became the church’s typical response, which promoted an attitude of stigma and avoidance. The article suggests that developing Jesus-style friendships can help break the silence because social or religious barriers do not restrict such friendships. This model of friendship is crucial for giving depression sufferers a sense of identity, meaning, and purpose within the church community.

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