scholarly journals Beyond dopamine: further evidence of cholinergic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Zarkali ◽  
Rimona S. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction

scholarly journals Mangosteen Pericarp and Its Bioactive Xanthones: Potential Therapeutic Value in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Depression with Pharmacokinetic and Safety Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thu Do ◽  
Jungsook Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Brain Penetration ◽  
Xanthone Derivatives ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Carrier Systems

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and depression are growing burdens for society globally, partly due to a lack of effective treatments. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.,) pericarp (MP) and its xanthones may provide therapeutic advantages for these disorders. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutic value of MP-derived agents in AD, PD, and depression with their pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. MP-derived agents have shown multifunctional effects including neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-neuroinflammatory actions. In addition, they target specific disease pathologies, such as amyloid beta production and deposition as well as cholinergic dysfunction in AD; α-synuclein aggregation in PD; and modulation of monoamine disturbance in depression. Particularly, the xanthone derivatives, including α-mangostin and γ-mangostin, exhibit potent pharmacological actions. However, low oral bioavailability and poor brain penetration may limit their therapeutic applications. These challenges can be overcome in part by administering as a form of MP extract (MPE) or using specific carrier systems. MPE and α-mangostin are generally safe and well-tolerated in animals. Furthermore, mangosteen-based products are safe for humans. Therefore, MPE and its bioactive xanthones are promising candidates for the treatment of AD, PD, and depression. Further studies including clinical trials are essential to decipher their efficacy, and pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in these disorders.

Central cholinergic dysfunction could be associated with oropharyngeal dysphagia in early Parkinson’s disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Duck Lee ◽  
Jung Hoi Koo ◽  
Sun Hong Song ◽  
Kwang Deog Jo ◽  
Moon Kyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
Early Parkinson’S Disease

scholarly journals Hippocampal Lewy pathology and cholinergic dysfunction are associated with dementia in Parkinson’s disease

Brain ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 2493-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Hall ◽  
Stefanie Reyes ◽  
Natalie Landeck ◽  
Chris Bye ◽  
Giampiero Leanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Lewy Pathology ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction

scholarly journals Cholinergic dysfunction contributes to gait disturbance in early Parkinson's disease

Brain ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
pp. 2779-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rochester ◽  
A. J. Yarnall ◽  
M. R. Baker ◽  
R. V. David ◽  
S. Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
Early Parkinson’S Disease

Cortical afferent inhibition abnormalities reveal cholinergic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: a reappraisal

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 1417-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Nardone ◽  
Francesco Brigo ◽  
Viviana Versace ◽  
Yvonne Höller ◽  
Frediano Tezzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Afferent Inhibition ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction
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