Temporal shift between daily sperm movement and mating (sperm reflux) in the Asian comma butterfly, Polygonia c‐aureum

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (11) ◽  
pp. 857-868
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hiroyoshi ◽  
Takayuki Mitsunaga ◽  
Gadi V.P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Comma Butterfly ◽  
Sperm Movement

scholarly journals Decoding the temporal nature of brain GR activity in the NFκB signal transition leading to depressive-like behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Min Han ◽  
Min Sun Kim ◽  
Juyeong Jo ◽  
Daiha Shin ◽  
Seung-Hae Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Temporal Shift

AbstractThe fine-tuning of neuroinflammation is crucial for brain homeostasis as well as its immune response. The transcription factor, nuclear factor-κ-B (NFκB) is a key inflammatory player that is antagonized via anti-inflammatory actions exerted by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, technical limitations have restricted our understanding of how GR is involved in the dynamics of NFκB in vivo. In this study, we used an improved lentiviral-based reporter to elucidate the time course of NFκB and GR activities during behavioral changes from sickness to depression induced by a systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. The trajectory of NFκB activity established a behavioral basis for the NFκB signal transition involved in three phases, sickness-early-phase, normal-middle-phase, and depressive-like-late-phase. The temporal shift in brain GR activity was differentially involved in the transition of NFκB signals during the normal and depressive-like phases. The middle-phase GR effectively inhibited NFκB in a glucocorticoid-dependent manner, but the late-phase GR had no inhibitory action. Furthermore, we revealed the cryptic role of basal GR activity in the early NFκB signal transition, as evidenced by the fact that blocking GR activity with RU486 led to early depressive-like episodes through the emergence of the brain NFκB activity. These results highlight the inhibitory action of GR on NFκB by the basal and activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis during body-to-brain inflammatory spread, providing clues about molecular mechanisms underlying systemic inflammation caused by such as COVID-19 infection, leading to depression.

Electrostriction temporal shift of laser pulses in optical fibres

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Biryukov ◽  
S V Erokhin ◽  
S V Kushchenko ◽  
Evgenii M Dianov
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Temporal Shift

In vitro effect of spermatozoal antibodies on human sperm movement

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
R Zouari ◽  
M de Almeida ◽  
D Feneux ◽  
P Jouannet ◽  
C Serres
Keyword(s):  
Human Sperm ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Sperm Movement

Ovarian fluid enhances sperm movement in Arctic charr

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Turner ◽  
R. Montgomerie
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Sperm Movement

scholarly journals Alternate utilization of two regulatory domains within the Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1959-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Graves ◽  
S P Eisenberg ◽  
D M Coen ◽  
S L McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Murine Sarcoma

The Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR) harbors two distinct positive activators of transcription, namely, a distal signal and an enhancer. In this report we demonstrate that infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) can markedly affect the utilization of these two Moloney murine sarcoma virus transcription signals. We investigated the HSV-mediated trans-acting effects with two goals in mind: first, to gain insight into LTR function, and second, to probe the mechanisms used by HSV to establish its own transcription cascade. In mock-infected cells, LTR-mediated expression was heavily dependent on the Moloney murine sarcoma virus enhancer but was effectively distal signal independent. HSV infection mobilized the use of the LTR distal signal and concomitantly alleviated enhancer dependence. Indeed, enhancer function may actually be inhibited by HSV trans-acting factors. These results suggest that the two positive control signals of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus LTR facilitate transcriptional activation by two different pathways. We further observed that the identity of the structural gene driven by the LRT, as well as the state of integration of a transfected template, can exert a substantial effect on the response of a template to HSV infection. According to these findings, we propose a tentative model to account for the initial temporal shift of the HSV transcriptional cascade.

Alternate utilization of two regulatory domains within the Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1959-1968
Author(s):  
B J Graves ◽  
S P Eisenberg ◽  
D M Coen ◽  
S L McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Murine Sarcoma

The Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR) harbors two distinct positive activators of transcription, namely, a distal signal and an enhancer. In this report we demonstrate that infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) can markedly affect the utilization of these two Moloney murine sarcoma virus transcription signals. We investigated the HSV-mediated trans-acting effects with two goals in mind: first, to gain insight into LTR function, and second, to probe the mechanisms used by HSV to establish its own transcription cascade. In mock-infected cells, LTR-mediated expression was heavily dependent on the Moloney murine sarcoma virus enhancer but was effectively distal signal independent. HSV infection mobilized the use of the LTR distal signal and concomitantly alleviated enhancer dependence. Indeed, enhancer function may actually be inhibited by HSV trans-acting factors. These results suggest that the two positive control signals of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus LTR facilitate transcriptional activation by two different pathways. We further observed that the identity of the structural gene driven by the LRT, as well as the state of integration of a transfected template, can exert a substantial effect on the response of a template to HSV infection. According to these findings, we propose a tentative model to account for the initial temporal shift of the HSV transcriptional cascade.

Host plant utilization in the comma butterfly: sources of variation and evolutionary implications

Oecologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Janz ◽  
S�ren Nylin ◽  
Nina Wedell
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Utilization ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Comma Butterfly

Temporal changes in glucose and carbohydrate metabolism in the oncospheres of the cyclophyllidean tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Pappas ◽  
G. M. Durka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Carbohydrate Fraction ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

SUMMARYWhen incubated in vitro for 24 h, oncospheres of Hymenolepis diminuta absorb and metabolize radioactive glucose. Between 0 and 12 h post-activation, oncospheres absorb glucose, but glucose is neither metabolized into other carbohydrates nor incorporated into the ethanol-precipitable fraction (which would contain glycogen). Between 12 and 24 h post-activation glucose is incorporated into a number of higher molecular weight carbohydrates that are demonstrable in ethanol extracts of the larvae, as well as the incubation media. Furthermore, measurable amounts of radioactivity are incorporated into the ethanol-precipitable carbohydrate fraction of oncospheres. To determine if these temporal changes in carbohydrate metabolism occurred spontaneously following activation, oncospheres were pre-incubated for 12 h (0–12 h post-activation) in the absence or presence of glucose, and then transferred to media containing radioactive glucose for an additional 12 h (12–24 h post-activation). In these latter experiments, glucose absorption and metabolism between 12 and 24 h post-activation were virtually identical to glucose metabolism in oncospheres that were incubated in radioactive glucose for 0–12 h immediately following activation. Thus, these data do not support the hypothesis that the temporal shift in carbohydrate metabolism occurs spontaneously.

Looking backward to the future: Counter-memory as oppositional knowledge-production in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Peace Activism ◽  
Activist Groups

This article examines a strategy of peace activism that gained visibility in the last decades: memory activism. Memory activists manifest a temporal shift in transnational politics: first the past, then the future. Affiliated with the globally-circulating paradigm of historical justice, memory activist groups assume that a new understanding of the past could lead to a new perception of present problems and project alternative solutions for the future. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and discourse analysis among memory activists of the 1948 war in Israel since 2001, the article examines the activist production of counter-memory during active conflict. Using Coy et al.’s typology of oppositional knowledge-production, the article shows how the largest group of memory activism in Israel produced ‘new’ information on the war, critically assessed the dominant historical narrative, offered an alternative shared narrative, and began to envision practical solutions for Palestinian refugees. However, the analysis raises additional concerns that reach beyond the scope of the typology, primarily regarding the unequal power relations that exist not only between the dominant and activist production of oppositional knowledge, but also among activists.

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