Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT): A Case Study

The present case study is about a 23 year’s old married man from a middle socioeconomic status Muslim family residing in Islamabad. He came with the signs of obsessive compulsive disorder such as obsessions, compulsions, superstitious thinking with comorbid depression, low mood, somatic complaints, anxiety, nervousness, tension, isolation and hostility. He was having these symptoms since 2006 to 2021. The present case study was conducted to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for individuals suffering with obsessive compulsive disorder. Case study continued for 12 sessions of cognitive behaviors therapy. 3 (1-3) sessions were conducted in initial phase, 5 sessions (4-9) were conducted in middle phase and 3 (10-12) sessions were conducted in termination phase and 2 follow up sessions after termination phase. Patient’s improvement was started in middle phase of the treatment; he seemed hopeful and motivated in getting better. After the end of the middle phase, he was almost symptom free. Further at the termination phase, patient’s symptoms were distinctly reduced and relapse prevention tactics were taught to him for dealing with his obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms in future. It was confirmed that CBT is an efficient therapy to treat obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms and improve well-being.

The Importance of Microemulsion for the Surfactant Injection Process in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Microemulsion is the main parameter that determines the performance of a surfactant injection system. According to Myers, there are four main mechanisms in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) surfactant injection process, namely interface tension between oil and surfactant, emulsification, decreased interfacial tension and wettability. In the EOR process, the three-phase regions can be classified as type I, upper-phase emulsion, type II, lower-phase emulsion and type III, middle-phase microemulsion. In the middle-phase emulsion, some of the surfactant grains blend with part of the oil phase so that the interfacial tension in the area is reduced. The decrease in interface tension results in the oil being more mobile to produce. Thus, microemulsion is an important parameter in the enhanced oil recovery process.

Simple deterministic and complex probabilistic regularities underlying risky choices are acquired in a changing decision context

Beliefs about positive and negative outcome probabilities have been frequently investigated in experience-based risky decision making. However, it has not been clarified how these beliefs emerge and whether they remain persistent if the predictability and complexity of outcome probabilities change across decision contexts. Hence, the present study manipulated these two factors in a variant of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task performed by healthy young adults. In the first and final task phases, outcomes (rewards or balloon bursts) were predictable because of the presence of an underlying regularity. In the middle phase, outcomes were unpredictable because the regularity was absent. The complexity of the regularity differed across the deterministic, probabilistic, and hybrid experimental conditions. In the simple deterministic condition, a repeating sequence of three deterministic regularities perfectly predicted balloon bursts. In the more complex probabilistic condition, a single probabilistic regularity ensured that the probability of balloon bursts increased with each successive pump. In the most complex hybrid condition, a repeating sequence of three different probabilistic regularities increased burst probabilities. Even without informing participants about the presence or absence of the regularity, sensitivity to both the simple deterministic and the most complex hybrid regularities emerged and influenced risk taking. Unpredictable outcomes of the middle phase did not deteriorate the acquired sensitivity to these regularities. When only a single probabilistic regularity was present, predictable and unpredictable outcomes were processed similarly. In conclusion, assuming the reappearance of the initially experienced regularity, the robustness of representations might serve fast adaptation in a volatile decision environment.

How the Titles of Popular Songs have Changed over the Last 60 Years

Billboard magazine has been keeping track of the 100 hottest (most popular) songs of the year since 1958. Lists of the Hot 100 titles from 1960 to 2019 (6001 titles) were used to study the way in which popular song titles changed over time. Based on significant polynomial regression trends and significant results from a discriminant function analysis, it is concluded that there were three main phases in titles (early, middle, and late) and that these phases differ in predictable manners in terms of stylistic features such as length, abstraction, activity, and the use of the word “love”. Early phase titles are longer, more concrete, more passive, and they do not use the word “love” often; middle phase titles are of medium length, more abstract, of medium activation, and use the word “love” frequently. Titles of the last phase are shorter, more concrete, more active, and do not often employ the word love. A possible factor contributing to these differences is the rise in popularity of rock and roll and hip-hop respectively and their different periods of ascendency.

438. Phenotypic Differences Between Distinct Immune Biomarker Clusters During the ‘Hyperinflammatory’ Middle-Phase of COVID-19

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections peak during an inflammatory ‘middle’ phase and lead to severe illness predominately among those with certain comorbid noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We used network machine learning to identify inflammation biomarker patterns associated with COVID-19 among those with NCDs. Methods SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive subjects who had specimens available within 15-28 days post-symptom onset were selected from the DoD/USU EPICC COVID-19 cohort study. Plasma levels of 15 inflammation protein biomarkers were measured using a broad dynamic range immunoassay on samples collected from individuals with COVID-19 at 8 military hospitals across the United States. A network machine learning algorithm, topological data analysis (TDA), was performed using results from the ‘hyperinflammatory’ middle phase. Backward selection stepwise logistic regression was used to identify analytes associated with each cluster. NCDs with a significant association (0.05 significance level) across clusters using Fisher’s exact test were further evaluated comparing the NCD frequency in each cluster against all other clusters using a Kruskal-Wallis test. A sensitivity analysis excluding mild disease was also performed. Results The analysis population (n=129, 33.3% female, median 41.3 years of age) included 77 ambulatory, 31 inpatient, 16 ICU-level, and 5 fatal cases. TDA identified 5 unique clusters (Figure 1). Stepwise regression with a Bonferroni-corrected cutoff adjusted for severity identified representative analytes for each cluster (Table 1). The frequency of diabetes (p=0.01), obesity (p< 0.001), and chronic pulmonary disease (p< 0.001) differed among clusters. When restricting to hospitalized patients, obesity (8 of 11), chronic pulmonary disease (6 of 11), and diabetes (6 of 11) were more prevalent in cluster C than all other clusters. Cluster differences in comorbid diseases and severity by cluster. 1A: bar plot of diabetes prevalence; 1B: bar plot of chronic lung disease ; 1C: bar plot of obesity prevalence; 1D: prevalence of steroid treatment ; 1E: Topologic data analysis network with clusters labeled; 1F: Bar plot of ordinal levels of severity. Conclusion Machine learning clustering methods are promising analytical tools for identifying inflammation marker patterns associated with baseline risk factors and severe illness due to COVID-19. These approaches may offer new insights for COVID19 prognosis, therapy, and prevention. Disclosures Simon Pollett, MBBS, Astra Zeneca (Other Financial or Material Support, HJF, in support of USU IDCRP, funded under a CRADA to augment the conduct of an unrelated Phase III COVID-19 vaccine trial sponsored by AstraZeneca as part of USG response (unrelated work))

Anthropomorphic Images at the Padjelanta Site, Northern Sweden: Rock Engravings in the Context of Sámi Myth and Ritual

The paper discusses three phases of scratched images from the Padjelanta site of Sámi rock art in Laponia, northern Sweden. Pre-dating the middle phase of Viking Age/Medieval period sailing boats is a set of stylised anthopomorphs. These early images resemble certain petroglyphs from Alta, goddess motifs on Sami drums, and the Earth Mother figure in the Manrlajsmyths. Possible ritual contexts for the Padjelanta images are discussed, including autumn reindeer hunting, human burials, and smallscale quarrying for asbestos and soapstone. As a tentative hypothesis, a link between the early anthropomorphs and the Sami goddess Máttaráhkká is proposed.

Clove Oil Has the Activity to Inhibit Middle, Maturation and Degradation Phase of Candida Tropicalis Biofilm Formation

Clove oil is one of the natural antibacterial ingredients that is easily obtained because of its abundant amounts in nature. Various researches have been conducted, but the antibiofilm activity against Candida tropicalis has never been done. This study evaluates the effectiveness of clove oil in inhibiting and degrading C. tropicalis JFM 1541 biofilm activity. The research was conducted using the microtiter broth method. The antibiofilm activity was determined as the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50), the minimum value of biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50). Antibiofilm mechanism was elucidated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyzes were performed using ANOVA (p <0.05). Showed that clove oil could inhibit biofilm formation at the middle phase by 65% (65.21 ± 0.01) and at the maturation phase by 56% (56.11 ± 0.01). Clove oil with a concentration of 1% v/v has been shown to have activity in degrading 41% of C. tropicalis biofilms (41.87 ± 0.01). SEM shows that clove oil can cause damage in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) of C. tropicalis biofilm. In conclusion, clove oil acts as a potential antibiofilm activity against C. tropicalis (compared to nystatin as control drugs) and further developed a new antibiofilm agent.

Phase 2

This chapter provides an overview of the central psychodynamic techniques of the middle phase of TFPP. Core intrapsychic conflicts that contribute to PTSD symptoms are identified and actively addressed. Interpretation of defenses aids in the elucidation of conflicts. A prominent defense in PTSD, identification with the aggressor, is described in more depth. Exploration of the transference is discussed with attention to the ways in which core conflicts emerge with the therapist. Patients with PTSD trigger particularly intense countertransference reactions, knowledge of which furthers the therapeutic process. The technique of working through is articulated, in which the therapist and patient elucidate how various conflicts and defenses emerge across a range of symptoms, contexts, and relationships. Case vignettes are used to illustrate these approaches.

An integrated multi-omics study to identify dynamic molecular alterations associated with acute brain injury

In response to acute brain injury (ABI) threats, neuroimmune cells rapidly transition from a quiescent into an activated state, but the dynamic molecular alterations are partially understood. Here, we integrated the dynamics of multi-omics datasets in four ABI mice models. Transcriptomics revealed diversification of thermogenesis, synaptic, and neuroinflammatory genes for ABI at the early phase (12H). Transcriptomics and proteomics combined analysis singled out 15 co-variation risk genes for ABIs. Besides, lipid metabolite alteration reflected a discrepancy between permanent ischemic brain injuries and transient ischemic brain injuries at the middle phase (24H). Together, our data elucidate a potential therapeutic resource for ABIs.