scholarly journals Patterns of niche contraction identify vital refuge areas for declining mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1467-1482
Author(s):  
Brenton von Takach ◽  
Ben C. Scheele ◽  
Harry Moore ◽  
Brett P. Murphy ◽  
Sam C. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Refuge Areas

The Colorado potato beetle in movement

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boiteau ◽  
A. Alyokhin ◽  
D.N. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Orientation Process ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Habitat ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Refuge Areas

AbstractThe recent introduction of the concept of refuge areas for the management of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), on resistant potato highlighted the existence of important gaps in our knowledge and understanding of this pest's movement within and between habitats. The objective of this review is to synthesize the information available for the benefit of crop managers and to identify subject areas in need of additional research. A traditional, somewhat encyclopedic, review of the old and recent literature on research methods, basics of flight and walking, as well as abiotic and biotic conditions for dispersal, revealed a considerable volume of information accumulated since the early 1900s. There is a consensus on the role of abiotic factors on flight and walking, but a better understanding of the biotic factors will be required before the variability of the dispersal response can be fully explained or predicted. Cybernetic models of orientation proposed in the literature were pulled together into a schematic representation of the orientation process in walking L. decemlineata. The model begins the integration of the different conditions and underlying suggested mechanisms responsible for the orientation of the walking beetle. There is remarkably little information on the orientation of potato beetles during flight. Finally, the seasonality of walking and flight dispersal is reviewed in relation to the host habitat and overwintering sites.

scholarly journals Are seamounts refuge areas for fauna from polymetallic nodule fields?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Cuvelier ◽  
Pedro A. Ribeiro ◽  
Sofia P. Ramalho ◽  
Daniel Kersken ◽  
Pedro Martinez Arbizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Refuge Area ◽  
Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Refuge Areas ◽  
Hard Substrata

Abstract. Seamounts are abundant and prominent features on the deep-sea floor and intersperse with the nodule fields of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). There is a particular interest in characterising the fauna inhabiting seamounts in the CCZ because they are the only other ecosystem in the region to provide hard substrata besides the abundant nodules on the soft sediment abyssal plains. It has been hypothesised that seamounts could provide refuge for organisms during deep-sea mining actions or that they could play a role in the (re-)colonisation of the disturbed nodule fields. This hypothesis is tested by analysing video transects in both ecosystems, assessing megafauna composition and abundance. Nine video transects (ROV dives) from two different license areas and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest in the eastern CCZ were analysed. Four of these transects were carried out as exploratory dives on four different seamounts in order to gain first insights in megafauna composition. The five other dives were carried out in the neighbouring nodule fields in the same areas. Variation in community composition observed among and along the video transects was high, with little morphospecies overlap on intra-ecosystem transects. Despite these observations of considerable faunal variations within each ecosystem, differences between seamounts and nodule fields prevailed, showing significantly different species associations characterising them, thus questioning their use as a possible refuge area.

scholarly journals The effects of grazing and mowing on large marsh grasshopper, Stethophyma grossum (Orthoptera: Acrididae), populations in Western Europe: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui Miller ◽  
Tim Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Grassland Habitats ◽  
Intensity Grazing ◽  
Refuge Areas

The large marsh grasshopper, Stethophymagrossum L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has undergone a significant range contraction in the UK and is now restricted to the bogs and mires of the New Forest and Dorset Heaths. In other parts of Western Europe, the species makes use of a wider range of wetland habitat types. Traditionally, many of these habitats would be managed through low intensity grazing, mowing, or both, and these measures are now often employed in the conservation management of wet grassland habitats. This paper reviews the effects of mowing and grazing on S.grossum populations, through looking at the potential impacts (both positive and negative) on different life stages of the grasshopper. Both techniques are valuable in the maintenance of an open and varied vegetation structure which is known to benefit S.grossum in all its life stages. However, grazing on very wet sites or at high intensity can result in trampling of vegetation and S.grossum eggs, and mowing which is too frequent may negatively affect populations through repeated losses of nymphs. Recommendations are given regarding the suitability of mowing and grazing for different habitats and intensity of management to generate the required vegetation structure. Measures are also outlined, such as the provision of unmown or ungrazed refuge areas, which can help reduce negative effects.

Refuge areas and vertical evacuation of multistorey buildings: the end users' perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel C. McConnell ◽  
Karen E. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Vertical Evacuation ◽  
Refuge Areas

scholarly journals Phytogeographic support tor the theory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon Basin, based on evidence from distribution patterns in Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Refuge Areas

Abstract In recent years it has generally been accepted that Amazonia was subject to long dry periods in the late Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene which induced forest cover to a few limited areas or refuges. It has been proposed that the subsequent genetic isolation into separate populations is a mnjor factor in the evolution of the species diversity within the lowland forest of Amazonia. Most of the previous evidence for this theory is based on studies of animals, for example: lizards, butterflies, and birds. Here data are presented to confirm the theory of forest refuges using evidence from phytogeography. Distribution patterns of the lowland species of the woody plant families Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae are discussed and concur with the possibility of forest refuges. A map is given of the refuge areas that seem most likely, based on evidence from species distribution of the above plant families. The refuges proposed here correspond closely with the refuge areas proposed by Haffer and Brown rather than the extremely reduced areas proposed by Vanzolini.

scholarly journals Are seamounts refuge areas for fauna from polymetallic nodule fields?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2657-2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Cuvelier ◽  
Pedro A. Ribeiro ◽  
Sofia P. Ramalho ◽  
Daniel Kersken ◽  
Pedro Martinez Arbizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Refuge Area ◽  
Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Refuge Areas ◽  
Hard Substrata

Abstract. Seamounts are abundant and prominent features on the deep-sea floor and intersperse with the nodule fields of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). There is a particular interest in characterising the fauna inhabiting seamounts in the CCZ because they are the only other ecosystem in the region to provide hard substrata besides the abundant nodules on the soft-sediment abyssal plains. It has been hypothesised that seamounts could provide refuge for organisms during deep-sea mining actions or that they could play a role in the (re-)colonisation of the disturbed nodule fields. This hypothesis is tested by analysing video transects in both ecosystems, assessing megafauna composition and abundance. Nine video transects (ROV dives) from two different license areas and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest in the eastern CCZ were analysed. Four of these transects were carried out as exploratory dives on four different seamounts in order to gain first insights into megafauna composition. The five other dives were carried out in the neighbouring nodule fields in the same areas. Variation in community composition observed among and along the video transects was high, with little morphospecies overlap along intra-ecosystem transects. Despite the observation of considerable faunal variations within each ecosystem, differences between seamounts and nodule fields prevailed, showing significantly different species associations characterising them, thus calling into question their use as a possible refuge area.

scholarly journals Črvenka loess-paleosol sequence revisited: local and regional Quaternary biogeographical inferences of the southern Carpathian Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Slobodan B. Marković ◽  
Dávid Molnár ◽  
Szilvia Sávai ◽  
Katalin Náfrádi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Refuge Areas

AbstractStudies of Quaternary malacological assemblages from the loess-paleosol section of Črvenka (Vojvodina region, Serbia) provided the opportunity to examine the paleobiogeographic dynamics of the southern part of the Carpathian Basin.The results of quantitative-statistical, paleoecological and paleobiogeographical analyses performed on 9185 specimens of 38 mollusc species from six stratigraphic units showed that the study area was a transition area between the refuge areas in the Carpathian Basin during the Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Understanding spatial and temporal patterns of human–elephant conflict in Assam, India

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Wilson ◽  
Tammy E. Davies ◽  
Nandita Hazarika ◽  
Alexandra Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Conflict Mitigation ◽  
Refuge Areas

AbstractLarge-scale forest encroachment in Assam, India, has led to increasing levels of human–elephant conflict. Conflict mitigation is a priority for the survival of Asian elephants Elephas maximus throughout Asia. We analysed a 3-year dataset of elephant occurrence and related instances of human–elephant conflict, from two sites in Assam, and explored the relationships between the various effects of elephants on human communities and factors influencing the spatial and temporal occurrence of these effects (proximity to water, refuge areas and villages, and human and crop density). The landscapes at both study sites have been transformed by forest loss, with large areas converted to agriculture. Remaining forest patches, which are mostly small, disconnected and degraded, as well as tea plantations, provide refuge areas for elephants as they move through the region. We found that crop depredation and property damage caused by elephants showed well-defined seasonal trends. They also showed a clear diurnal pattern, mostly occurring between 18.00 and 22.00. Small communities within 700 m of a refuge were most affected. In the management of human–elephant conflict in Assam we need to consider the refuge patches used by elephants as they move through the region, the peripheries of which are likely to be conflict hotspots. Small villages on the edges of refuges should be a priority for conflict mitigation assistance, with strategies taking into account seasonal and diurnal variation in elephant behaviour, as well as the socio-economic and cultural composition of communities.

Experimental and theoretical landscape influences on Spodoptera frugiperda movement and resistance evolution in contaminated refuge areas of Bt cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bruno Malaquias ◽  
Michael A. Caprio ◽  
Wesley A. C. Godoy ◽  
Celso Omoto ◽  
Francisco S. Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Refuge Areas ◽  
Landscape Influences
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