Evidence of Absence: Abstract Metrical Structure in Speech Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Myers ◽  
Duane G. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
Evidence Of Absence

scholarly journals The phonetics of hyper-active feet: Effects of stress priming on speech planning and production

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Naming Latency ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Vowel Formants ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
Australian English

AbstractThis study employs a stress priming paradigm to investigate sensitivity to metrical structure in speech planning and production in Australian English. Target words with iambic stress were preceded by primes with either congruent or incongruent stress and also embedded in metrical contexts biased towards either persistent foot types (Experiment 1) or variable foot types (Experiment 2). Both naming latency, the time from stimulus presentation to the onset of speech, and phonetic patterns showed sensitivity to metrical manipulations. The paradigm produced stress errors, iambic targets produced as trochees, and variation in vowel formants and syllable duration as a function of metrical context. Patterns in the reaction time data indicated sensitivity to global metrical biases calculated over feet. When the metrical bias was toward persistent feet, iambs were produced more quickly in the congruent stress context. When the metrical bias was reversed, iambs were produced more quickly in the incongruent stress context. This pattern of results supports a speech production model that represents metrical structure and allows competition at the metrical level to influence phonetic variability.

Metrical Structure and Jaw Displacement: An Exploration

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Erickson ◽  
Shigeto Kawahara ◽  
J.C. Williams ◽  
Jeff Moore ◽  
Atsuo Suemitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metrical Structure

Parallelism as a Factor in Metrical Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Temperley ◽  
Christopher Bartlette
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Metrical Analysis

A model is proposed of the effect of parallelism on meter. It is wellknown that repeated patterns of pitch and rhythm can affect the perception of metrical structure. However, few attempts have been made either to define parallelism precisely or to characterize its effect on metrical analysis. The basic idea of the current model is that a repeated melodic pattern favors a metrical structure in which beats are placed at parallel points in each occurrence of the pattern. By this view, parallelism affects the period of the metrical structure (the distance between beats) rather than the phase (exactly where the beats occur). This model is implemented and incorporated into the metrical program of D. Temperley and D. Sleator (1999). Several examples of the model's output are presented; we examine problems with the model and discuss possible solutions.

Presence of crystals is not an evidence of absence of infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 455.e1-455.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patompong Ungprasert ◽  
Quanhathai Kaewpoowat ◽  
Supawat Ratapano ◽  
Narat Srivali ◽  
Edward F. Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Of Absence

scholarly journals A Critical Evaluation of the FBST ev for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ly ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Bayesian Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence ◽  
Foregone Conclusion

AbstractThe “Full Bayesian Significance Test e-value”, henceforth FBST ev, has received increasing attention across a range of disciplines including psychology. We show that the FBST ev leads to four problems: (1) the FBST ev cannot quantify evidence in favor of a null hypothesis and therefore also cannot discriminate “evidence of absence” from “absence of evidence”; (2) the FBST ev is susceptible to sampling to a foregone conclusion; (3) the FBST ev violates the principle of predictive irrelevance, such that it is affected by data that are equally likely to occur under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis; (4) the FBST ev suffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox in that it does not include a correction for selection. These problems also plague the frequentist p-value. We conclude that although the FBST ev may be an improvement over the p-value, it does not provide a reasonable measure of evidence against the null hypothesis.

A speech planning network for interactive language use

Nature ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Castellucci ◽  
Christopher K. Kovach ◽  
Matthew A. Howard ◽  
Jeremy D. W. Greenlee ◽  
Michael A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Planning

Mesoamerica

2020 ◽  
pp. 407-427
Author(s):  
Christian DiCanio ◽  
Ryan Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Complex Tone ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Areal Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mesoamerican Languages

The Mesoamerican linguistic area is rich with prosodic phenomena, including a wide variety of complex tone, phonation, stress, and intonational systems. The diversity of prosodic patterns in Mesoamerica reflects the extreme time-depth and complex history of the languages spoken there. This chapter surveys the prosody of Mesoamerican languages and some past analyses of their structures. Topics include the areal distribution of tonal complexity; interactions between stress, tone, and segmental contrasts; the phonetics of tone and phonation; metrical structure; and higher-level prosodic phenomena. Case studies from different languages also highlight interactions between morphological and word-prosodic structure. These topics underscore the importance of research on Mesoamerican languages to both phonological theory and linguistic typology.

scholarly journals Supplemental oxygen and dypsnoea in interstitial lung disease: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (145) ◽  
pp. 170033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Schaeffer ◽  
Yannick Molgat-Seon ◽  
Christopher J. Ryerson ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Of Absence

Rate Limits of On-Beat and Off-Beat Tapping With Simple Auditory Rhythms

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno H. Repp
Keyword(s):  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Relative Difficulty

THE RELATIVE DIFFICULTY of on-beat and off-beat finger tapping with simple auditory rhythms was assessed in four experiments with musically trained participants. The rhythms consisted of cyclically repeated TT0 or TTT0 patterns, where T denotes the presence and 0 denotes the absence of a tone. The tasks were to tap in synchrony with one of the T ("on-beat") positions or with the 0 ("off-beat") position. Experiments 1-3 used an adaptive procedure that determined the fastest tempo at which each task could be accomplished. Experiment 1 demonstrated that it is easier to tap on tones that carry a rhythmic grouping accent (T2 in TT0, T1 and T3 in TTT0) than on other tones or in the 0 position. Off-beat tapping was more difficult in TT0 than in TTT0 sequences. Experiment 2 showed that a dynamic ( pitch) accent on one of the tones facilitates synchronization with that tone and impedes synchronization with adjacent tones. Off-beat tapping was less affected by accent location. Experiment 3 required participants to "hear" different T positions as metrically accented (i.e., to construe them as the downbeat) while carrying out the various tapping tasks. Most participants found it difficult to maintain a cognitive downbeat at fast tempi when it did not coincide with their taps. However, when such a downbeat could be maintained, it did not seem to increase the difficulty of tapping (with one exception). This suggests a unidirectional dependence of metrical structure on action. In Experiment 4, the same tasks were presented at more moderate tempi, and the dependent measure was the variability of asynchronies. Metrical downbeat location still did not have any significant effect. Thus, synchronization difficulty seems to be affected only by a rhythm's physical structure, not by the cognitive interpretation that is given to that structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document