Parallelism as a Factor in Metrical Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Temperley ◽  
Christopher Bartlette
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Metrical Analysis

A model is proposed of the effect of parallelism on meter. It is wellknown that repeated patterns of pitch and rhythm can affect the perception of metrical structure. However, few attempts have been made either to define parallelism precisely or to characterize its effect on metrical analysis. The basic idea of the current model is that a repeated melodic pattern favors a metrical structure in which beats are placed at parallel points in each occurrence of the pattern. By this view, parallelism affects the period of the metrical structure (the distance between beats) rather than the phase (exactly where the beats occur). This model is implemented and incorporated into the metrical program of D. Temperley and D. Sleator (1999). Several examples of the model's output are presented; we examine problems with the model and discuss possible solutions.

scholarly journals Tempo and Metrical Analysis by Tracking Multiple Metrical Levels Using Autocorrelation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lartillot ◽  
Didier Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Information Retrieval Evaluation ◽  
Peak Tracking ◽  
Metrical Analysis ◽  
Music Information ◽  
First Time

We present a method for tempo estimation from audio recordings based on signal processing and peak tracking, and not depending on training on ground-truth data. First, an accentuation curve, emphasizing the temporal location and accentuation of notes, is based on a detection of bursts of energy localized in time and frequency. This enables the detection of notes in dense polyphonic texture, while ignoring spectral fluctuation produced by vibrato and tremolo. Periodicities in the accentuation curve are detected using an improved version of autocorrelation function. Hierarchical metrical structures, composed of a large set of periodicities in pairwise harmonic relationships, are tracked over time. In this way, the metrical structure can be tracked even if the rhythmical emphasis switches from one metrical level to another. This approach, compared to all the other participants to the Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) Audio Tempo Extraction competition from 2006 to 2018, is the third best one among those that can track tempo variations. While the two best methods are based on machine learning, our method suggests a way to track tempo founded on signal processing and heuristics-based peak tracking. Moreover, the approach offers for the first time a detailed representation of the dynamic evolution of the metrical structure. The method is integrated into MIRtoolbox, a Matlab toolbox freely available.

San Duanmu (2000). The phonology of Standard Chinese. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xv+300.

Phonology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463
Author(s):  
Yen-Hwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Metrical Phonology ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
Feature Geometry ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
Metrical Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This new addition to the series on the phonology of the world's languages edited by Jacques Durand is the most comprehensive study of the synchronic phonology of Standard Chinese (or Standard Mandarin) since the publication of Cheng's (1973) monograph. Duanmu provides a detailed description of the phonological facts in Standard Chinese (henceforth SC), some of which are new or little studied before, offers new perspectives on old problems and proposes a theoretical analysis of these facts in current frameworks such as feature geometry, metrical phonology and Optimality Theory. The main innovation and, in my opinion, the most significant contribution of this book is the extensive coverage of stress (or metrical structure) and its influence on the order and length of compound words. The role of metrical structure is also extended to the analysis of some long-standing problems of the well-known tone 3 sandhi process. Claiming the existence of stress and its importance to understanding the interaction of phonology and morphosyntax in SC may come as a surprise to some readers since SC is not a stress language and its phonetic stress is notoriously difficult to detect. The proposed metrical analysis, nonetheless, is innovative and convincingly argued, and has clearly established the phonological relevance of metrical structure for SC.

Apparent exceptions to final devoicing in High Prussian: A metrical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-412
Author(s):  
Björn Köhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
East Central ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
High Vowels ◽  
Metrical Analysis

High Prussian, a variety of East Central German, has a segmentally opaque process of final devoicing: Only some forms with underlyingly voiced obstruents devoice at the end of a word. This phenomenon can also be observed in some morphological alternations where simplex forms show final devoicing but complex ones do not. This paper provides a metrical analysis of final devoicing and two related phenomena: spirantization, and an interaction of vowel length in high vowels and obstruent voicing. It is claimed that nondevoicing items contain disyllabic foot templates and that word-final consonants are then syllabified as onsets of empty-headed word-final syllables. The analysis demonstrates how evidence from West Germanic dialects can contribute to our understanding of the phonology of laryngeal features and to the role that metrical structure can play in shaping phonological alternations.*

Early ossicle growth in the regenerating disc of a brittle star

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
R. L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Limited Volume ◽  
Tissue Calcification

Calcification in the echinoderms occurs within a limited-volume cavity enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions of the mineral depositing cells, the sclerocytes. The current model of this process maintains that the sheath formed from these cytoplasmic extensions is syncytial. Prior studies indicate that syncytium formation might be dependent on sclerocyte density and not required for calcification. This model further envisions that ossicles formed de novo nucleate and grow intracellularly until the ossicle effectively outgrows the vacuole. Continued ossicle growth occurs within the sheath but external to the cell membrane. The initial intracellular location has been confirmed only for elements of the echinoid tooth.The regenerating aboral disc integument of ophiophragmus filograneus was used to test the current echinoderm calcification model. This tissue is free of calcite fragments, thus avoiding questions of cellular engulfment, and ossicles are formed de novo. The tissue calcification pattern was followed by light microscopy in both living and fixed preparations.

Ring current model of the naphthalene molecule

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICCARDO ZANASI ◽  
PAOLO LAZZERETTI
Keyword(s):  
Ring Current ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Naphthalene Molecule

MESSINE, a Parametric Three-Dimensional Eddy Current Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. La ◽  
B. Benoist ◽  
B. de Barmon ◽  
M. Talvard ◽  
R. Lengelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

Current Model

1957 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
W. K. ESTES
Keyword(s):  
Current Model

Voices of Distress: The Emotional Peril of Not Attaining a Dietetic Internship in Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lee Brady ◽  
Annie Hoang ◽  
Olivia Siswanto ◽  
Jordana Riesel ◽  
Jacqui Gingras
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Dietetic Education ◽  
Dietetic Internship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Future Growth

Obtaining dietetic licensure in Ontario requires completion of a Dietitians of Canada (DC) accredited four-year undergraduate degree in nutrition and an accredited post-graduate internship or combined Master’s degree program. Given the scarcity of internship positions in Ontario, each year approximately two-thirds of the eligible applicants who apply do not receive a position XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, in press). Anecdotally, not securing an internship position is known to be a particularly disconcerting experience that has significant consequences for individuals’ personal, financial, and professional well-being. However, no known empirical research has yet explored students’ experiences of being unsuccessful in applying for internship positions. Fifteen individuals who applied between 2005 and 2009 to an Ontario-based dietetic internship program, but were unsuccessful at least once, participated in a one-on-one semi-structured interview. Findings reveal that participants’ experiences unfold successively in four phases that are characterized by increasingly heightened emotional peril: naïveté, competition, devastation, and frustration. The authors conclude that the current model of dietetic education and training in Ontario causes lasting distress to students and hinders the future growth and vitality of the dietetic profession. Further research is required to understand the impact of the current model on dietetic educators, internship coordinators, and preceptors as coincident participants in the internship application process.

Harmonics Current Model on using Several Types of Home Electric Appliances

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
pp. 632-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Tokunaga ◽  
Makoto Masutani
Keyword(s):  
Current Model
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