The Moral Reasoning of U.S. Evangelical and Mainline Protestant Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Cultural-Developmental Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen ◽  
Jessica McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Mainline Protestant

Fronto–temporo–occipital activity changes with age during a visual working memory developmental study in children, adolescents and adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Isabel Barriga-Paulino ◽  
Mª Ángeles Rojas Benjumea ◽  
Elena Isabel Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Carlos M. Gómez González
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255102
Author(s):  
Gail M. Rosenbaum ◽  
Vinod Venkatraman ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
Jason M. Chein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk is learned) and contextual features of choices (e.g., the relative favorability of choice outcomes), due to age differences in psychological constructs and physiological processes related to choice (e.g., weighting of rare probabilities, sensitivity to expected value, sampling, pupil dilation). Adolescents and adults made the same 24 choices between risky and safe options twice: once based on descriptions of each option, and once based on experience gained from sampling the options repeatedly. We systematically varied contextual features of options, facilitating a fine-grained analysis of age differences in response to these features. Eye-tracking and experience-sampling measures allowed tests of age differences in predecisional processes. Results in adolescent and adult participants were similar in several respects, including mean risk-taking rates and eye-gaze patterns. However, adolescents’ and adults’ choice behavior and process measures varied as a function of decision context. Surprisingly, age differences were most pronounced in description, with only marginal differences in experience. Results suggest that probability weighting, expected-value sensitivity, experience sampling and pupil dilation patterns may change with age. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that adolescents are more prone than adults to take risks when faced with unlikely but costly negative outcomes, and broadly point to complex interactions between multiple psychological constructs that develop across adolescence.

The Development of Moral Reasoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Full Life ◽  
Different Cultures

Our capacity for moral reasoning is a distinctly human ability. Moral reasoning is defined as an intra- and interpersonal psychological phenomenon that is important in individual and collective moral judgments and behaviors. This chapter reviews the contributions of five influential lines of theory and research, proceeding in roughly chronological order from earlier to recent work. Specifically, cognitive-developmental, domain, care and prosociality, identity, and cultural-developmental approaches to moral reasoning are described. Findings across the five approaches suggest that infants share common moral sensibilities. With development, however, children, adolescents, and adults from different cultures become diverse in their moral reasoning. The chapter ends with a discussion of three promising future research directions pertaining to coverage of the full life span, conceptualizing moral reasoning not only as intrapersonal but also interpersonal, and implications of globalization on moral development.

Me or you? Neural correlates of moral reasoning in everyday conflict situations in adolescents and adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sommer ◽  
Jörg Meinhardt ◽  
Christoph Rothmayr ◽  
Katrin Döhnel ◽  
Göran Hajak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Mental imagery of concrete proverbs: A developmental study of children, adolescents, and adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JILL K. DUTHIE ◽  
MARILYN A. NIPPOLD ◽  
JESSE L. BILLOW ◽  
TRACY C. MANSFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Dual Coding ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Nonverbal Information

ABSTRACTThe development of mental imagery in relation to the comprehension of concrete proverbs (e.g., one rotten apple spoils the barrel) was examined in children, adolescents, and adults who were ages 11 to 29 years old (n = 210). The findings indicated that age-related changes occurred in mental imagery and in proverb comprehension during the years between late childhood and early adulthood, and that the two domains were associated in children and adults but not in adolescents. Children and adults were more likely to describe relevant mental imagery (age 11: “A big barrel of apples and a woman picks up one that is rotten and there are worms in it and the worms go to all the other apples”) when they also comprehended the proverb on a multiple-choice task. It was also found that participants' mental images became more metaphorical in relation to increasing age (age 21: “One bad comment can spoil the entire conversation”). The findings are consistent with dual coding theory, the view that nonverbal information (relevant visual imagery) in addition to verbal information (related words and phrases) supports language comprehension in the case of concrete meanings. The results also support the view that mental imagery reflects figurative understanding and the individual's tacit awareness of underlying metaphorical concepts.

scholarly journals Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Rosenbaum ◽  
Vinod Venkatraman ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
Jason M. Chein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk is learned) and contextual features of choices (e.g., the relative favorability of choice outcomes), due to age differences in psychological constructs and physiological processes related to choice (e.g., weighting of rare probabilities, sensitivity to expected value, sampling, pupil dilation). Adolescents and adults made the same 24 choices between risky and safe options twice: once based on descriptions of each option, and once based on experience gained from sampling the options repeatedly. We systematically varied contextual features of options, facilitating a fine-grained analysis of age differences in response to these features. Eye-tracking and experience-sampling measures allowed tests of age differences in predecisional processes. Results in adolescent and adult participants were similar in several respects, including mean risk-taking rates and eye-gaze patterns. However, adolescents’ and adults’ choice behavior and process measures varied as a function of decision context. Surprisingly, age differences were most pronounced in description, with only marginal differences in experience. Results suggest that probability weighting, expected-value sensitivity, experience sampling and pupil dilation patterns may change with age. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that adolescents are more prone than adults to take risks when faced with unlikely but costly negative outcomes, and broadly point to complex interactions between multiple psychological constructs that develop across adolescence.

Social moral reasoning in Chinese children: A developmental study

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Fang ◽  
Fu-xi Fang ◽  
Monika Keller ◽  
Wolfgang Edelstein ◽  
Thomas J. Kehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Developmental Study
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document