Afterlife beliefs among evangelical and mainline protestant children, adolescents, and adults: A cultural–developmental study in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Study ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Afterlife Beliefs ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mainline Protestant

Training residents and fellows in paediatric cardiac anaesthesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1525-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean B. Andropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cardiac Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Care ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Fellowship Programs ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe significant increase in complex anaesthetic care for infants, children, adolescents, and adults with CHD has given rise to specialized fellowship training programs. Specialized paediatric cardiac anaesthesia training for residents and fellows has advanced significantly since the 1970’s, when there a handful of programs. With the advent of formal paediatric anaesthesia fellowship programs in the U.S., more specialized training became available in the 1990’s and early 2000’s. In the past decade, increasing numbers of second year advanced fellowships in paediatric cardiac anaesthesia have been organized; today in North America there are 18 programs with 25 positions. Standardized recommendations for case numbers and curriculum have been devised and are widely available via journal publications.

Fronto–temporo–occipital activity changes with age during a visual working memory developmental study in children, adolescents and adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Isabel Barriga-Paulino ◽  
Mª Ángeles Rojas Benjumea ◽  
Elena Isabel Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Carlos M. Gómez González
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Do adolescents always take more risks than adults? A within-subjects developmental study of context effects on decision making and processing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255102
Author(s):  
Gail M. Rosenbaum ◽  
Vinod Venkatraman ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
Jason M. Chein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Adolescents take more risks than adults in the real world, but laboratory experiments do not consistently demonstrate this pattern. In the current study, we examine the possibility that age differences in decision making vary as a function of the nature of the task (e.g., how information about risk is learned) and contextual features of choices (e.g., the relative favorability of choice outcomes), due to age differences in psychological constructs and physiological processes related to choice (e.g., weighting of rare probabilities, sensitivity to expected value, sampling, pupil dilation). Adolescents and adults made the same 24 choices between risky and safe options twice: once based on descriptions of each option, and once based on experience gained from sampling the options repeatedly. We systematically varied contextual features of options, facilitating a fine-grained analysis of age differences in response to these features. Eye-tracking and experience-sampling measures allowed tests of age differences in predecisional processes. Results in adolescent and adult participants were similar in several respects, including mean risk-taking rates and eye-gaze patterns. However, adolescents’ and adults’ choice behavior and process measures varied as a function of decision context. Surprisingly, age differences were most pronounced in description, with only marginal differences in experience. Results suggest that probability weighting, expected-value sensitivity, experience sampling and pupil dilation patterns may change with age. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that adolescents are more prone than adults to take risks when faced with unlikely but costly negative outcomes, and broadly point to complex interactions between multiple psychological constructs that develop across adolescence.

Abstract 012: Capture-Recapture Using Multiple Data Sources: Estimating the Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M Duca ◽  
Amber D Khanna ◽  
Christopher M Rausch ◽  
David Kao ◽  
Tessa Crume
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Case Ascertainment ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Crude Prevalence ◽  
The U.S

Introduction: Improvements in the treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) have resulted in the majority of infants born with CHD surviving into adulthood; completely modifying the epidemiologic profile of patients with CHD. Although the prevalence of CHD at birth has been robustly estimated, the prevalence of CHD in adolescents and adults in the U.S. is uncertain due to a lack of systematically collected population-based data. The unique disjointed healthcare system in the U.S. makes population-based surveillance of conditions like CHD difficult. Hypothesis: Use of capture-recapture methodology in a state-wide CHD surveillance system will result in a higher estimated prevalence of CHD in adolescents and adults by adjusting for incomplete case ascertainment. Methods: Adolescents and adults age 11 to 64 years with a CHD lesion listed as a diagnostic code on an encounter occurring between January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 were captured by the Colorado CHD surveillance system. Five primary data sources, representing electronic medical records (EMR) from participating healthcare systems and claims data from the All Payer Claims database, were used for case ascertainment. These sources provide inpatient, outpatient and emergency care across the state of Colorado. Once CHD cases were identified in one of the above data sources, a probabilistic record linkage algorithm was used for de-duplication of cases within and across data sources. Crude prevalence estimates were generated and then capture-recapture methods were employed to estimate the number of adolescents and adults with CHD in Colorado that were not captured in the surveillance system. Data were analyzed using a log-linear model incorporating severity of CHD as a variable of potential heterogeneous catchability. Results: The five primary data sources identified 24,907 CHD cases that met our case definition corresponding to 19,849 unique individuals during our 3-year surveillance period. The observed overall crude prevalence rate of CHD in adolescents and adults was 5.19 per 1000 population (95% CI 5.07 - 5.31 per 1000 population). Using capture-recapture methodology, the estimated prevalence of CHD in adolescents and adults corrected for incomplete case ascertainment was 5.68 per 1000 population (95% CI 5.59 - 5.77 per 1000 population), so an estimated 3,641 CHD cases were not identified in the five primary case finding data sources. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insight into strategies for EMR-based surveillance at the population-level by demonstrating the utility of capture-recapture methodology to estimate, and then correct for, cases missed in standard surveillance techniques.

Mental imagery of concrete proverbs: A developmental study of children, adolescents, and adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JILL K. DUTHIE ◽  
MARILYN A. NIPPOLD ◽  
JESSE L. BILLOW ◽  
TRACY C. MANSFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Dual Coding ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Nonverbal Information

ABSTRACTThe development of mental imagery in relation to the comprehension of concrete proverbs (e.g., one rotten apple spoils the barrel) was examined in children, adolescents, and adults who were ages 11 to 29 years old (n = 210). The findings indicated that age-related changes occurred in mental imagery and in proverb comprehension during the years between late childhood and early adulthood, and that the two domains were associated in children and adults but not in adolescents. Children and adults were more likely to describe relevant mental imagery (age 11: “A big barrel of apples and a woman picks up one that is rotten and there are worms in it and the worms go to all the other apples”) when they also comprehended the proverb on a multiple-choice task. It was also found that participants' mental images became more metaphorical in relation to increasing age (age 21: “One bad comment can spoil the entire conversation”). The findings are consistent with dual coding theory, the view that nonverbal information (relevant visual imagery) in addition to verbal information (related words and phrases) supports language comprehension in the case of concrete meanings. The results also support the view that mental imagery reflects figurative understanding and the individual's tacit awareness of underlying metaphorical concepts.

scholarly journals Reasoning about modesty among adolescents and adults in China and the U.S.

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Genyue ◽  
Gail D. Heyman ◽  
Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The U.S
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