Some data on the feeding habits of the banded mongoose in a coastal area (South Africa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ant H. Maddock ◽  
Emmanuel Do Linh San ◽  
Mike R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Banded Mongoose

scholarly journals Occurrence of Tetracampos ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) collected from the Vaal Dam, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Madanire-Moyo ◽  
Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Vaal Dam

Cestodes are parasitic flatworms that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and often in the liver, muscle, haemocoel, mesentery and brain of various animals as larval stages. To identify the cestodes infecting Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal Dam, a total of 45 host specimens were collected with the aid of gill nets between October 2011, January and April 2012. The fish were sacrificed and examined for cestode parasites. Two adult cestodes, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 (prevalence 86.7%, mean intensity = 15, n = 45) and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Janicki, 1928) (prevalence 51.1%, mean intensity = 5, n = 45) were found in the intestines of the catfish. Both T. ciliotheca and P. glanduligerus are new locality records. There were statistically insignificant differences in the infection of the male and female C. gariepinu. Fish with standard length ranging from 40 cm – 54 cm (≥ 3 years) had the highest prevalence and mean intensity while those ranging from 10 cm – 24 cm (< 1 year) had the lowest prevalence and mean intensity for both cestodes. The study highlights the importance of changing feeding habits of C. gariepinus with age on the prevalence and mean intensity of the two gastrointestinal cestode parasites.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and hypothetical transmission cycles of Trichinella infections in the Greater Kruger National Park of South Africa: an example of host-parasite interactions in an environment with minimal human interactions

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Louis J. La Grange ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Transmission Cycles ◽  
Sub Saharan

Knowledge on the epidemiology, host range and transmission of Trichinella spp. infections in different ecological zones in southern Africa including areas of wildlife-human interface is limited. The majority of reports on Trichinella infections in sub-Saharan Africa were from wildlife resident in protected areas. Elucidation of the epidemiology of the infections and the prediction of hosts involved in the sylvatic cycles within specific ecological niches is critical. Of recent, there have been reports of Trichinella infections in several wildlife species within the Greater Kruger National Park (GKNP) of South Africa, which has prompted the revision and update of published hypothetical transmission cycles including the hypothetical options based previously on the biology and feeding behaviour of wildlife hosts confined to the GKNP. Using data gathered from surveillance studies and reports spanning the period 1964–2019, confirmed transmission cycles and revised hypothesized transmission cycles of three known Trichinella species (T. zimbabwensis, Trichinella T8 and T. nelsoni) are presented. These were formulated based on the epidemiological factors, feeding habits of hosts and prevalence data gathered from the GKNP. We presume that the formulated sylvatic cycles may be extrapolated to similar national parks and wildlife protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa where the same host and parasite species are known to occur. The anecdotal nature of some of the presented data confirms the need for more intense epidemiological surveillance in national parks and wildlife protected areas in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa to unravel the epidemiology of Trichinella infections in these unique and diverse protected landscapes.

scholarly journals Distribution, Feeding Habits, and Growth of Chub Mackerel, Scomber japonicus, Larvae During a High-Stock Period in the Northern Satsunan Area, Southern Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Kume ◽  
Taichi Shigemura ◽  
Masahiro Okanishi ◽  
Junya Hirai ◽  
Kazuhiro Shiozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Scomber Japonicus ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
Instantaneous Growth Rate ◽  
Southern Japan

To evaluate the importance of the northern Satsunan area in southern Japan as a spawning and nursery ground for chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), we investigated the early life history characteristics (e.g., larval distribution, feeding habits, and growth) of S. japonicus over five successive years. This area is considered the main habitat and spawning ground of the congeneric species, S. australasicus. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we first confirmed that S. japonicus larvae were abundant in the northern Satsunan area, potentially representing a major spawning and nursery ground in the Japanese Pacific coastal area. The number of recorded larvae started to increase in 2016, corresponding to the population dynamics of the Pacific stock of the species, which has shown increasing trends in recent years. Morphological and DNA metabarcoding analyses of gut contents and stable isotope analysis showed that, in addition to copepods, the larvae fed substantially on appendicularians. The trophic pathway involving appendicularians might support the feeding habits of S. japonicus, promoting its coexistence with other dominant species. Both the instantaneous growth rate and daily specific growth rate were comparable to those in the southern East China Sea, which is the main spawning and nursery ground of the species. Our data strongly suggest that the northern Satsunan area has favorable conditions for sustaining high larval population densities, even during phases with high population numbers. Our results provide insights for the fisheries management for S. japonicus in the Japanese Pacific coastal area, especially during high-stock periods.

scholarly journals Characterization of Palyam serogroup orbiviruses isolated in South Africa and serologic evidence for their widespread distribution in the country

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Whistler ◽  
R. Swanepoel ◽  
B. J. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Antigenic Complex ◽  
Mild Fever

SUMMARYThe finding that there had been multiple isolations of Palyam serogroup orbiviruses from aborted cattle fetuses in neighbouring Zimbabwe, suggested that there was a need to investigate the possible occurrence of the viruses in South Africa. Unidentified viruses isolated in South Africa, which had been in storage, were examined. Four viruses which had been isolated fromCulicoidesmidges collected at various sites in the years from 1969 to 1977, were identified as three strains of Gweru virus and one of the Nyabira virus (Palyam group serotypes originally described from Zimbabwe) A fifth virus, isolated in 1967 from the blood of a cow with mild fever, was found to be a distinct new member of the Vellore antigenic complex of the Palyam serogroup and was named Apies River virus. Sera from 476 cattle, 150 sheep, 24 goats and 78 humans from 10 farms were tested for neutralizing antibodies to the above three serotypes of virus plus Abadina and Marondera serotypes. Only 1 of 100 cattle sera from two farms in the southern coastal area had antibody, but elsewhere there was a high prevalence of antibody with 254 (53%) of all cattle exhibiting activity for one or more of the five serotypes of virus tested. Only 6 (4%) sheep, 3 (12–5%) goats and 11 (14%) humans had antibody.

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