scholarly journals In-Line Ultrasonic Monitoring for Sediments Stuck on Inner Wall of a Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hogeon Seo ◽  
Kyoungjun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Young Jhang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Ultrasonic Monitoring ◽  
Echo Detection ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Hot Melt

This research verified the applicability and effectiveness of the ultrasonic monitoring of sediments stuck on the inner wall of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. For identifying the transmittance of acoustic energy and the speed of sound in the PVC material, the pulse-echo ultrasonic testing was conducted for PVC sheets of different thicknesses. To simulate the solidified sediment, the hot melt adhesive (HMA) was covered on the inner wall of the PVC pipe in different heights. From the experiment, the speeds of sound in the PVC and the HMA materials were obtained as about 2258 and 2000 m/s, respectively. The thickness of the materials was calculated through the signal processing such as taking the absolute value and low pass filtering, the echo detection, and the measurement of the time of flight. The errors between actual and measured thicknesses of PVC sheets were below 5%. In the case of the substance stuck on the inner wall, the errors were below 2.5%. Since the pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection is available on the outer surface and its measurement accuracy was over 95%, it can be an efficient and effective in-service structural health monitoring for the sediment on the wall of PVC pipes.

scholarly journals Capability of Advanced Ultrasonic Inspection Technologies for Hydraulic Turbine Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4681
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Bajgholi ◽  
Gilles Rousseau ◽  
Martin Viens ◽  
Denis Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hydraulic Turbine ◽  
Francis Turbine ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Ambitious Program ◽  
Pulse Echo

This paper presents the results of a project aimed at evaluating the performance of ultrasonic techniques for detecting flaws in Francis turbine runners. This work is the first phase of a more ambitious program aimed at improving the reliability of inspection of critical areas in turbine runners. Francis runners may be utilized to supply power during peak periods, which means that they experience additional load stress associated with start and stop sequences. Inspection during manufacturing is then of paramount importance to remove as much as feasible all flaw initiation sites before the heat treatment. This phase one objective is to collect initial data on a simplified mock-up and then to compare the experimental ultrasonic data with the results of simulations performed by CIVA, a computer simulation package. The area of interest is the region with the highest stress between the blade and the web. A welded T-joint coupon made of UNS S41500 was manufactured to represent this high-stress area. During the FCAW welding process, ceramic beads were embedded in the weld to create discontinuities whose size is in the critical range to initiate a crack. Inspection of the material was carried out by various nondestructive testing (NDT) methods namely conventional pulse-echo, phased array, total focusing method (TFM). With these results, detection rates were obtained in order to compare the effectiveness of each method.

A Tractor Mounted Sampler for Obtaining Large Soil Columns

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Walker ◽  
J. David O'Dell ◽  
Jeff D. Wolt ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
John G. Graveel
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Large Soil ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

A tractor mounted sampler was constructed which allows large soil columns to be obtained rapidly and with minimal physical effort. The machine utilizes the hydraulic system of a tractor to push a steel sampling cylinder containing 30.5-cm id. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe into the soil, after which the hydraulic cylinder is retracted to pull the pipe and enclosed soil from the ground. Columns 68 cm in length were taken with a hydraulic cylinder pressure of approximately 10 MPa. Soil separated evenly at the bottom of the columns, and compaction was measured to be approximately 5%. This is a relatively simple and rapid method for obtaining large soil columns for use in pesticide leaching studies.

scholarly journals Acoustic Stimulation by Shunt-Diode Pre-Linearizer using Very High Frequency Piezoelectric Transducer for Cancer Therapeutics

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojong Choi ◽  
Se-Woon Choe
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Echo Detection ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Very High

In this paper, we proposed cancer cell acoustic stimulation by shunt-diode pre-linearizer scheme using a very high frequency (≥100 MHz) piezoelectric transducer. To verify the concept of our proposed scheme, we performed pulse-echo detection, and accessed therapeutic effects of human cervical cancer cells exposed to acoustic stimulation experiments using 100 MHz focused piezoelectric transducer triggered by PA with and without the proposed shunt-diode pre-linearizer scheme. In the pulse-echo detection responses, the peak-to-peak voltage of the echo signal when using the PA with shunt-diode pre-linearizer (49.79 mV) was higher than that when using the PA alone (29.87 mV). In the experimental results, the cell densities of cancer cells on Day 4 when using no acoustic stimulation (control group), the very high-frequency piezoelectric transducer triggered by PA only and PA combined with proposed pre-linearizer schemes (1 V and 5 V DC bias voltages) showed 100%, 92.8 ± 4.2%, 84.2 ± 4.6%, and 78 ± 2.9%, respectively. Therefore, we confirmed that the shunt-diode pre-linearizer could improve the performances of the pulse signals of the PA, thus, enabling better therapeutic stimulation performances for cancer cell suppression.

scholarly journals Acoustic absorption measurement for the determination of the volume viscosity of pure fluids / Messverfahren für die akustischen Absorption zur Bestimmung der Volumenviskosität reiner Fluide

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (s1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leander Claes ◽  
Lars Moritz Hülskämper ◽  
Elmar Baumhögger ◽  
Nadine Feldmann ◽  
René Spencer Chatwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Acoustic Absorption ◽  
Pure Fluids ◽  
Dissipative Effects ◽  
Volume Viscosity ◽  
Realistic Description ◽  
Pulse Echo

AbstractA realistic description of fluid mechanical and acoustic processes requires the volume viscosity of the medium to be known. This work describes how the volume viscosity of pure fluids can be determined by measuring acoustic absorption with the pulse-echo method. The challenge in realizing such a measurement method lies in the separation of the different dissipative effects that superimpose on absorption. Diffraction effects ultimately cause a dissipation of acoustic energy and acoustic reflector surfaces have a small, but finite transmission coefficient. Further, influences of the transducer (in particular its frequency response), as well as the system’s electrical components have to be taken into account. In contrast to the classical approach relying on the amplitude ratio, the absorption is determined by the moments of the amplitude spectrum. The measurement system applied is originally designed for precision measurements of the sound velocity by means of the propagation time difference of two acoustic signals.

scholarly journals A robot for non-destructive testing weld inspection of offshore mooring chains

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 172988141877053
Author(s):  
A Hernandez ◽  
O Altuzarra ◽  
V Petuya ◽  
Ch Pinto ◽  
E Amezua
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Subsystem Design ◽  
Weld Area ◽  
Pulse Echo

Welding flaw detection is a key step in manufacturing many components. In offshore chains, every link is manufactured from a steel bar that is bent and the ends joined by flash butt welding. Ultrasonic inspection of the welded area is required for classification. Defects, if any, are parallel to the welded area, which do not favour detection by manual inspection with 45° beams, as per usual practice . This article reports on CIRUS, a robot developed for automatic inspection of the weld area using a combination of pulse-echo and pitch-catch ultrasonic testing. The robot kinematic structure includes global positioning, local positioning and inspection subsystems, and each subsystem design is described in detail. A data acquisition system processes ultrasonic inspection results and provides visual information for the inspector as well as traceability for quality manufacturing.

scholarly journals DURABILIDADE E DESEMPENHO DOS COMPONENTES DE UM SISTEMA DE PULVERIZAÇÃO ACOPLADO AO PIVÔ CENTRAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson André ARMINDO2 ◽  
Tarlei Arriel BOTREL ◽  
Priscila Rosenbaum FERIANCIC
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
System Prototype

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo avaliar a durabilidade e o desempenho de um protótipo de sistema de pulverização (NOTLIADA), acoplado ao sistema de irrigação pivô central, quanto ao conjunto de emissão; ao conjunto eletro-eletrônico de acionamento; a válvula solenóide; e a adaptação de uma tubulação de cloreto de polivinila (PVC), de instalação predial soldável. Os testes foram realizados em um protótipo do sistema, montando em uma área anexa ao Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (LER), pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que não houve alteração, a 5% de significância, da vazão dos quatro tipos de conjuntos de emissão testados em 505 horas intermitentes de avaliação. Também a 5% de significância, não houve variação dos diâmetros dos emissores. O circuito eletro-eletrônico, a válvula solenóide, a tubulação de material PVC (cloreto de polivinila) soldável e os demais dispositivos da barra de pulverização operaram satisfatoriamente no mesmo período de avaliação confirmando a confiabilidade do sistema de pulverização desenvolvido. ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the durability and performance of the pulverization system prototype (NOTLIADA) attached to center pivot irrigation system. The flow emission sets, electronic actuation, solenoid valve and the adaptation of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe were evaluated. Tests were performed on a prototype system, riding in the Laboratório de Hidráulica of the Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, belonging to the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ /USP. The results showed no change, 5% significance level, in the flow of the four different emission sets tested in intermittent evaluation and also, no significant variation of the emitters diameters. The circuit electronics, solenoid valve, pipe and other devices of the spray bar operated satisfactorily during the same period of evaluation confirmed the reliability of the pulverization system developed.

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