scholarly journals Effects of grapevine bunch exposure to sunlight on berry surface temperature and Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) egg laying, hatching and larval settlement

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kiaeian Moosavi ◽  
Elena Cargnus ◽  
Francesco Pavan ◽  
Pietro Zandigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Egg Laying

scholarly journals Side Effects of Sulfur Dust on the European Grapevine Moth Lobesia botrana and the Predatory Mite Kampimodromus aberrans in Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Federico Tacoli ◽  
Elena Cargnus ◽  
Pietro Zandigiacomo ◽  
Francesco Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Kampimodromus Aberrans ◽  
The Impact

To reduce the impact of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment, eco-friendly alternatives must be investigated. Knowledge of the side effects on pests and natural enemies of natural products applied to vineyards is very useful. Sulfur dust, which is used in vineyards to control powdery mildew, is investigated in laboratory and field bioassays for its effects on Lobesia botrana egg laying, egg hatching, and larval settlement. In field trials, the efficacy of sulfur dust against the two L. botrana carpophagous generations is compared with that of Bacillus thuringiensis and kaolin, and its side effects on the phytoseiid mite Kampimodromus aberrans are evaluated. In the bioassays, sulfur dust reduced female survival by 43%, egg laying by around 80%, egg hatching by 10%, and larval settlement by 55%. In field trials, sulfur dust caused a significant decrease in the number of L. botrana larval nests of both generations, even though the efficacy was lower than that of B. thuringiensis. No negative effects of sulfur dust on the predatory mite population density was observed. On the basis of these results, in the context of Integrated Pest Management strategies in vineyards, the activity of sulfur dust against L. botrana could be exploited by timing its application to the beginning of egg laying.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki on the grape berry moth Lobesia botrana Den. and Shiff. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) under field and laboratory conditions in Crete

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ν.Ε. Roditakis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel Abbot Lab.) against the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Shiff.) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions (24±0.5°C, 55±5% r.h., 2,000 Lux, and 16 hours light daily) B. thuringiensis was compared to triflumuron and methomyl on egg hatching and shallow entries per grape berry. B. thuringiensis had no effect on egg hatching while methomyl and triflumuron had ovicidal action. Shallow entries per grape berry were 0.9-1, 0, 0 and 4.55 for B. thuringiensis, triflumuron, methomyl and control, respectively. Under field conditions, using as criteria for the timing of sprays: a. pheromone and food trap catches and b. visual counting of egg laying and a threshold of 20-30 eggs/100 grapes, two applications of B. thuringiensis at Kastelli Pediados in 1981 and four at Peza in 1982 were made both at the 2nd and 3rd flights. Its effectiveness was 96-100% and 92% at Kastelli Pediados and 73-75% at Peza.

Dispersal of marked and released Lobesia botrana in a small isolated vineyard and the effect of synthetic sex pheromone on moth movement

OENO One ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Schmitz ◽  
Roger Roehrich ◽  
Jacques P. Stöckel
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Disruption Method ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

<p style="text-align: justify;">Mobility of moths at the time of implementation of the mating disruption method, against <em>Lobesia botrana</em>, requires to maintain, around the vineyards a border area. Its width depends of the dispersal ability of egg laying females. This dispersal was studied by use of the « mark release capture » insect technique. Laboratory reared insects were colored externally or internally and released in the middle of a food trap network. A small surface around one release station was equiped with pheromone dispensers. Two main results for setting up the insect control were established : 1 - the virgin females were not very mobile and were only captured in low numbers by the food traps. Consequently it is impossible to use this trapping technique to evaluate the sucess of mating disruption and the hypothesis that females leave the vineyard impregnated with pheromone in order to be inseminated outside is improbable. 2 - the dispersal of females within the vineyard exceeds rarely 80 m. This value seems to define width of the protection area around the vineyards treated by the mating disruption technique, that are close to other highly infested vineyards.</p>

Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Mendeleyev ◽  
V.A. Petrov ◽  
A.V. Yashin ◽  
A.I. Vangonen ◽  
O.K. Taganov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Normal Emissivity

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

Experimental increase in female mass during the fertile phase leads to enhanced extra-pair paternity in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Plaza ◽  
Alejandro Cantarero ◽  
Juan Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wing Loading ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Fertile Phase ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Female mass in most altricial birds reaches its maximum during breeding at egg-laying, which coincides temporally with the fertile phase when extra-pair paternity (EPP) is determined. Higher mass at laying may have two different effects on EPP intensity. On the one hand, it would lead to increased wing loading (body mass/wing area), which may impair flight efficiency and thereby reduce female’s capacity to resist unwanted extra-pair male approaches (sexual conflict hypothesis). On the other hand, it would enhance female condition, favouring her capacity to evade mate-guarding and to search for extra-pair mates (female choice hypothesis). In both cases, higher female mass at laying may lead to enhanced EPP. To test this prediction, we reduced nest building effort by adding a completely constructed nest in an experimental group of female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Our treatment caused an increase in mass and thereby wing loading and this was translated into a significantly higher EPP in the manipulated group compared with the control group as expected. There was also a significant negative relationship between EPP and laying date and the extent of the white wing patch, an index of female dominance. More body reserves at laying mean not only a higher potential fecundity but a higher level of EPP as well. This interaction had not previously received due attention but should be considered in future studies of avian breeding strategies.

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