scholarly journals Trajectories of injection drug use among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada, 1996–2017: growth mixture modeling using data from prospective cohort studies

Addiction ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 2173-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiru Dong ◽  
Kanna Hayashi ◽  
Joel Singer ◽  
Michael John Milloy ◽  
Kora DeBeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals Association between Antihypertensive Drug Use and the Incidence of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangli Xu ◽  
Feng Bai ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Qiongying Wang ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Background.Antihypertensive drug use is inconsistently associated with the risk of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of available prospective cohort studies to summarize the evidence on the strength of these relationships.Methods.Three electronic databases including MedLine, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies from inception to April 2017. Only prospective cohort studies that reported effect estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline for antihypertensive drug use versus not using antihypertensive drugs were included.Results.We included 10 prospective cohort studies reporting data on 30,895 individuals. Overall, participants who received antihypertensive drugs had lower incidence of dementia (relative risk [RR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75–0.99;p=0.033), while there was no significant effect on the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.64–1.09;p=0.154), cognitive impairment (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.57–1.38;p=0.596), and cognitive decline (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.86–1.43;p=0.415). Further, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease might be affected by antihypertensive drug use in participants with specific characteristics.Conclusions.Antihypertensive drug use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of dementia, but not with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Benzodiazepine drug use and cancer risk: a dose-response meta analysis of prospective cohort studies

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (60) ◽  
pp. 102381-102391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Xiaowen Yang ◽  
Jianrui Zhou ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Die Identifikation früher Veränderungsmuster in der ambulanten Psychotherapie

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lutz ◽  
Niklaus Stulz ◽  
David W. Smart ◽  
Michael J. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Growth Mixture

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Im Rahmen einer patientenorientierten Psychotherapieforschung werden Patientenausgangsmerkmale und Veränderungsmuster in einer frühen Therapiephase genutzt, um Behandlungsergebnisse und Behandlungsdauer vorherzusagen. Fragestellung: Lassen sich in frühen Therapiephasen verschiedene Muster der Veränderung (Verlaufscluster) identifizieren und durch Patientencharakteristika vorhersagen? Erlauben diese Verlaufscluster eine Vorhersage bezüglich Therapieergebnis und -dauer? Methode: Anhand des Growth Mixture Modeling Ansatzes wurden in einer Stichprobe von N = 2206 ambulanten Patienten einer US-amerikanischen Psychotherapieambulanz verschiedene latente Klassen des frühen Therapieverlaufs ermittelt und unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Patientenausgangscharakteristika als Prädiktoren der frühen Veränderungen mit dem Therapieergebnis und der Therapiedauer in Beziehung gesetzt. Ergebnisse: Für leicht, mittelschwer und schwer beeinträchtigte Patienten konnten je vier unterschiedliche Verlaufscluster mit jeweils spezifischen Prädiktoren identifiziert werden. Die Identifikation der frühen Verlaufsmuster ermöglichte weiterhin eine spezifische Vorhersage für die unterschiedlichen Verlaufscluster bezüglich des Therapieergebnisses und der Therapiedauer. Schlussfolgerungen: Frühe Psychotherapieverlaufsmuster können einen Beitrag zu einer frühzeitigen Identifikation günstiger sowie ungünstiger Therapieverläufe leisten.

Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ruan ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Xiaofei Guo ◽  
Kelei Li ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

Background: Epidemiological studies showed that dietary fat intake is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia risk, however, the association remain inconsistent. This metaanalysis aimed to systematically examine the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Methods: We have systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 1st 2017. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported on the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest category were pooled by using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 8630 participants and 633 cases from four independent prospective cohort studies were included in the present meta-analysis. A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia (RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively. Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31). However, there was no significant association found between dietary intake of total, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fat and AD or dementia risk. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides significant evidence of positive association between higher saturated fat intake and AD and dementia risk.

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