scholarly journals Cannabis use and symptom severity in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carney ◽  
J. Cotter ◽  
J. Firth ◽  
T. Bradshaw ◽  
A. R. Yung
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Ultra High Risk

Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk: review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kraan ◽  
E. Velthorst ◽  
L. Koenders ◽  
K. Zwaart ◽  
H. K. Ising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Review ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPrevious research has established the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic disorders. Whether cannabis use is related to transition to psychosis in patients at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis remains unclear. The present study aimed to review the existing evidence on the association between cannabis use and transition to psychosis in UHR samples.MethodA search of PsychInfo, Embase and Medline was conducted from 1996 to August 2015. The search yielded 5559 potentially relevant articles that were selected on title and abstract. Subsequently 36 articles were screened on full text for eligibility. Two random-effects meta-analyses were performed. First, we compared transition rates to psychosis of UHR individuals with lifetime cannabis use with non-cannabis-using UHR individuals. Second, we compared transition rates of UHR individuals with a current DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence diagnosis with lifetime users and non-using UHR individuals.ResultsWe found seven prospective studies reporting on lifetime cannabis use in UHR subjects (n = 1171). Of these studies, five also examined current cannabis abuse or dependence. Lifetime cannabis use was not significantly associated with transition to psychosis [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.856–1.524, p = 0.37]. A second meta-analysis yielded an OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.135–2.710, p = 0.01), indicating a significant association between current cannabis abuse or dependence and transition to psychosis.ConclusionsOur results show that cannabis use was only predictive of transition to psychosis in those who met criteria for cannabis abuse or dependence, tentatively suggesting a dose–response relationship between current cannabis use and transition to psychosis.

Effects of cannabis use on event related potentials in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis and healthy controls

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam J. van Tricht ◽  
Emma C. Harmsen ◽  
Johannes H.T.M. Koelman ◽  
Lo J. Bour ◽  
Thérèse A. van Amelsvoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Related Potentials

Effects of Cannabis Use in Those at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O'Donoghue ◽  
Meredith McHugh ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Patrick McGorry
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Ultra High Risk

Discriminative Analysis of Symptom Severity and Ultra-High Risk of Schizophrenia Using Intrinsic Functional Connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050047
Author(s):  
Lubin Wang ◽  
Xianbin Li ◽  
Yuyang Zhu ◽  
Bei Lin ◽  
Qijing Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Ultra High Risk

Past studies have consistently shown functional dysconnectivity of large-scale brain networks in schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to further assess whether multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) could yield a sensitive predictor of patient symptoms, as well as identify ultra-high risk (UHR) stage of schizophrenia from intrinsic functional connectivity of whole-brain networks. We first combined rank-based feature selection and support vector machine methods to distinguish between 43 schizophrenia patients and 52 healthy controls. The constructed classifier was then applied to examine functional connectivity profiles of 18 UHR individuals. The classifier indicated reliable relationship between MVPA measures and symptom severity, with higher classification accuracy in more severely affected schizophrenia patients. The UHR subjects had classification scores falling between those of healthy controls and patients, suggesting an intermediate level of functional brain abnormalities. Moreover, UHR individuals with schizophrenia-like connectivity profiles at baseline presented higher rate of conversion to full-blown illness in the follow-up visits. Spatial maps of discriminative brain regions implicated increases of functional connectivity in the default mode network, whereas decreases of functional connectivity in the cerebellum, thalamus and visual areas in schizophrenia. The findings may have potential utility in the early diagnosis and intervention of schizophrenia.

Childhood adversities in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1089-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oon Him Peh ◽  
Attilio Rapisarda ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Bullying Victimisation

AbstractChildhood adversities have been reported to be more common among individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. This paper systematically reviewed and meta-analysed (i) the severity and prevalence of childhood adversities (childhood trauma exposure, bullying victimisation and parental separation or loss) among the UHR, and (ii) the association between adversities and transition to psychosis (TTP). PsycINFO, PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies reporting childhood adversities among UHR individuals. Only published articles were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline (von Elm et al., 2007) and the tool developed by Hoy et al. (2012). Seventeen case–control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. UHR individuals experienced significantly more severe trauma than controls, regardless of trauma subtype. UHR were 5.5, 2.5 and 3.1 times as likely to report emotional abuse, physical abuse and bullying victimisation, respectively. There was no association with parental separation. However, childhood trauma was not significantly associated with TTP (follow-up periods: 6 months to 15 years), suggesting that trauma alone may not be a sufficient risk factor. Sexual abuse was associated with TTP but this may have been driven by a single large study. Potential confounders and low rates of TTP among UHR are limitations of this review. This is the first meta-analysis that quantitatively summarises the associations between childhood adversities and TTP among UHR, and between specific abuse subtypes and TTP. Specific recommendations have been made to increase the quality of future research. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017054884.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document