Loss of Control of Alcohol Use and Severity of Alcohol Dependence in Non-Treatment-Seeking Heavy Drinkers Are Related to Lower Glutamate in Frontal White Matter

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Ende ◽  
Derik Hermann ◽  
Traute Demirakca ◽  
Mareen Hoerst ◽  
Nuran Tunc-Skarka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Frontal White Matter

scholarly journals Inclusion of Cannabis Users in Alcohol Research Samples: Screening In, Screening Out, and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-423
Author(s):  
Alexandra Venegas ◽  
Lindsay R Meredith ◽  
Ziva D Cooper ◽  
Brandon Towns ◽  
Lara A Ray
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

Abstract Background Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used, as 20–50% of those who drink alcohol report co-using cannabis. This study is based on the argument that alcohol researchers should enroll cannabis users in human laboratory studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) to strengthen generalizability. This study examines how heavy drinking cannabis users differ from non-cannabis using heavy drinkers. Methods In a community sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users were identified through: (a) self-reported cannabis use in the past 6 months and (b) positive urine toxicology test for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis users, identified as described previously, were compared with non-cannabis users on demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Those who endorsed cannabis use in the past 6 months reported more binge drinking days. Participants who tested positive for THC had higher Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores and more binge drinking days. Younger age and being a tobacco smoker were associated with an increased likelihood of cannabis use in the past 6 months, whereas male gender and being a tobacco use were associated with a greater likelihood of testing positive for THC. Individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD) endorsed more depression and anxiety and had higher AUD symptom counts than cannabis users without CUD. Conclusions The inclusion of cannabis users in AUD samples allows for increased clinical severity. Excluding cannabis users from AUD studies may limit representativeness and expend unnecessary study resources. Lastly, tobacco use may explain a large portion of the effects of cannabis use on sample characteristics. Short Summary Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used substances. In a sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users reported higher alcohol use and higher likelihood of tobacco use than non-cannabis users. Including cannabis users in alcohol research studies will improve representativeness and likely increase clinical severity.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Trajectories Among Non–Treatment-Seeking Heavy Drinkers

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Witkiewitz ◽  
Ronda L Dearing ◽  
Stephen A Maisto
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol Use Trajectories

scholarly journals Impaired control in heavy drinking and its association with alcohol craving and alcohol use disorder severity

Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Edén Sánchez ◽  
Carlos S. Cruz Fuentes ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Impaired Control ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Impaired control over drinking has been frequently cited in diverse theoretical descriptions regarding harmful alcohol use and is considered a DSM criterion for alcohol use disorder. Differences in the frequency of endorsement of impaired control have been viewed as a reflection of the severity of the problem. Moreover, it has been posited that the ability to place a limit on alcohol consumption may be mediated through enhanced craving. Objective. In this study, we addressed the relationship between impaired control, self-reported craving, and alcohol dependence severity among heavy drinkers. Method. We conducted a latent class analysis of impaired control dimensions (perceived control, failed control, and attempted control) of 208 heavy drinkers. To determine whether the identified classes could represent different forms of severity of the disorder, the best-fit model was contrasted with scores on the Alcohol Dependence Scale. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between impaired control criteria (using the Impaired Control Scale [ICS]) with alcohol craving. Results. We identified a three-class solution based on impaired control severity. A graded increase of the craving scores and alcohol severity among the three classes was also identified. Only the ICS items comprising perceived control and partially those related to failed control, but not those evaluating attempted control, distinguished the gradient among the latent classes. Discussion and conclusion. This study provides further support of the proposal of a unidimensional continuum of severity among heavy drinkers and strengthens the theoretical relationship between impaired control and alcohol craving.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alcohol Use on Frontal White Matter in HIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1640-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Gullett ◽  
Damon G. Lamb ◽  
Eric Porges ◽  
Adam J. Woods ◽  
Jake Rieke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Frontal White Matter ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of Aging on Frontal White Matter Microstructure in Alcohol Use Disorder and Associations With Processing Speed

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Sorg ◽  
Lindsay M. Squeglia ◽  
Michael J. Taylor ◽  
Omar M. Alhassoon ◽  
Lisa M. Delano-Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Frontal White Matter ◽  
Effects Of Aging

DSM-5 alcohol use disorder features among treatment-seeking older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Barbara Braun ◽  
Randi Bilberg ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Michael Bogenschutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
International Multicenter

Abstract. Background: The number of older adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is expected to rise. Adapted treatments for this group are lacking and information on AUD features in treatment seeking older adults is scarce. The international multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial “ELDERLY-Study” with few exclusion criteria was conducted to investigate two outpatient AUD-treatments for adults aged 60+ with DSM-5 AUD. Aims: To add to 1) basic methodological information on the ELDERLY-Study by providing information on AUD features in ELDERLY-participants taking into account country and gender, and 2) knowledge on AUD features in older adults seeking outpatient treatment. Methods: baseline data from the German and Danish ELDERLY-sites (n=544) were used. AUD diagnoses were obtained with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, alcohol use information with Form 90. Results: Lost control, desired control, mental/physical problem, and craving were the most prevalent (> 70 %) AUD-symptoms. 54.9 % reported severe DSM-5 AUD (moderate: 28.2 %, mild: 16.9 %). Mean daily alcohol use was 6.3 drinks at 12 grams ethanol each. 93.9 % reported binging. More intense alcohol use was associated with greater AUD-severity and male gender. Country effects showed for alcohol use and AUD-severity. Conclusion: European ELDERLY-participants presented typical dependence symptoms, a wide range of severity, and intense alcohol use. This may underline the clinical significance of AUD in treatment-seeking seniors.

Using Machine Learning to Classify Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Based on Treatment Seeking Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Lee ◽  
Vignesh Sankar ◽  
Aaron Hammer ◽  
William G. Kennedy ◽  
Jennifer J. Barb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Seeking

Alcohol Dependence Conceptualized as a Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-220
Author(s):  
Leandro F. Vendruscolo ◽  
George F. Koob
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Negative Emotional State ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol

Alcohol use disorder is a chronically relapsing disorder that involves (1) compulsivity to seek and take alcohol, (2) difficulty in limiting alcohol intake, and (3) emergence of a negative emotional state (e.g., dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) in the absence of alcohol. Alcohol addiction encompasses a three-stage cycle that becomes more intense as alcohol use progresses: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages engage neuroadaptations in brain circuits that involve the basal ganglia (reward hypofunction), extended amygdala (stress sensitization), and prefrontal cortex (executive function disorder). This chapter discusses key neuroadaptations in the hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic stress systems and the critical role of glucocorticoid receptors. These neuroadaptations contribute to negative emotional states that powerfully drive compulsive alcohol drinking and seeking. These changes in association with a disruption of prefrontal cortex function that lead to cognitive deficits and poor decision making contribute to the chronic relapsing nature of alcohol dependence.

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