A Mobility Model for Random Discrete Dopants and Application to the Current Drivability of DRAM Cell

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 4246-4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoin Yu ◽  
Daewon Kim ◽  
Sungman Rhee ◽  
Seongwook Choi ◽  
Young June Park
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Model ◽  
Random Discrete Dopants

scholarly journals Opportunistic Network Algorithms for Internet Traffic Offloading in Music Festival Scenarios

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Aida-Ștefania Manole ◽  
Radu-Ioan Ciobanu ◽  
Ciprian Dobre ◽  
Raluca Purnichescu-Purtan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Network Algorithms ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Social Metrics

Constant Internet connectivity has become a necessity in our lives. Hence, music festival organizers allocate part of their budget for temporary Wi-Fi equipment in order to sustain the high network traffic generated in such a small geographical area, but this naturally leads to high costs that need to be decreased. Thus, in this paper, we propose a solution that can help offload some of that traffic to an opportunistic network created with the attendees’ smartphones, therefore minimizing the costs of the temporary network infrastructure. Using a music festival-based mobility model that we propose and analyze, we introduce two routing algorithms which can enable end-to-end message delivery between participants. The key factors for high performance are social metrics and limiting the number of message copies at any given time. We show that the proposed solutions are able to offer high delivery rates and low delivery delays for various scenarios at a music festival.

Physically Based Compact Mobility Model for Organic Thin-Film Transistor

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 2057-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Maiti ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
H. Zenitani ◽  
H. Miyamoto ◽  
M. Miura-Mattausch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Organic Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Physically Based

scholarly journals A novel geo-hierarchical population mobility model for spatial spreading of resurgent epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Topîrceanu ◽  
Radu-Emil Precup
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Control Of Epidemics

AbstractComputational models for large, resurgent epidemics are recognized as a crucial tool for predicting the spread of infectious diseases. It is widely agreed, that such models can be augmented with realistic multiscale population models and by incorporating human mobility patterns. Nevertheless, a large proportion of recent studies, aimed at better understanding global epidemics, like influenza, measles, H1N1, SARS, and COVID-19, underestimate the role of heterogeneous mixing in populations, characterized by strong social structures and geography. Motivated by the reduced tractability of studies employing homogeneous mixing, which make conclusions hard to deduce, we propose a new, very fine-grained model incorporating the spatial distribution of population into geographical settlements, with a hierarchical organization down to the level of households (inside which we assume homogeneous mixing). In addition, population is organized heterogeneously outside households, and we model the movement of individuals using travel distance and frequency parameters for inter- and intra-settlement movement. Discrete event simulation, employing an adapted SIR model with relapse, reproduces important qualitative characteristics of real epidemics, like high variation in size and temporal heterogeneity (e.g., waves), that are challenging to reproduce and to quantify with existing measures. Our results pinpoint an important aspect, that epidemic size is more sensitive to the increase in distance of travel, rather that the frequency of travel. Finally, we discuss implications for the control of epidemics by integrating human mobility restrictions, as well as progressive vaccination of individuals.

scholarly journals Intelligent Mobile Wireless Network for Toxic Gas Cloud Monitoring and Tracking

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Mateusz Krzysztoń ◽  
Ewa Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cloud Detection ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Cloud Monitoring ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Gas Cloud

Intelligent wireless networks that comprise self-organizing autonomous vehicles equipped with punctual sensors and radio modules support many hostile and harsh environment monitoring systems. This work’s contribution shows the benefits of applying such networks to estimate clouds’ boundaries created by hazardous toxic substances heavier than air when accidentally released into the atmosphere. The paper addresses issues concerning sensing networks’ design, focussing on a computing scheme for online motion trajectory calculation and data exchange. A three-stage approach that incorporates three algorithms for sensing devices’ displacement calculation in a collaborative network according to the current task, namely exploration and gas cloud detection, boundary detection and estimation, and tracking the evolving cloud, is presented. A network connectivity-maintaining virtual force mobility model is used to calculate subsequent sensor positions, and multi-hop communication is used for data exchange. The main focus is on the efficient tracking of the cloud boundary. The proposed sensing scheme is sensitive to crucial mobility model parameters. The paper presents five procedures for calculating the optimal values of these parameters. In contrast to widely used techniques, the presented approach to gas cloud monitoring does not calculate sensors’ displacements based on exact values of gas concentration and concentration gradients. The sensor readings are reduced to two values: the gas concentration below or greater than the safe value. The utility and efficiency of the presented method were justified through extensive simulations, giving encouraging results. The test cases were carried out on several scenarios with regular and irregular shapes of clouds generated using a widely used box model that describes the heavy gas dispersion in the atmospheric air. The simulation results demonstrate that using only a rough measurement indicating that the threshold concentration value was exceeded can detect and efficiently track a gas cloud boundary. This makes the sensing system less sensitive to the quality of the gas concentration measurement. Thus, it can be easily used to detect real phenomena. Significant results are recommendations on selecting procedures for computing mobility model parameters while tracking clouds with different shapes and determining optimal values of these parameters in convex and nonconvex cloud boundaries.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Open-Source Simulation Framework for LiFi Communication

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
Saeed Ur Rehman ◽  
Peter Han Joo Chong
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Optical Gain ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Seamless Integration

Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a new candidate for wireless networking that utilizes the visible light spectrum and exploits the existing lighting infrastructure in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It provides point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication on a bidirectional channel at very high data rates. However, the LiFi has small coverage, and its optical gain is closely related to the receiver’s directionality vis-à-vis the transmitter, therefore it can experience frequent service outages. To provide reliable coverage, the LiFi is integrated with other networking technologies such as wireless fidelity (WiFi) thus forming a hybrid system. The hybrid LiFi/WiFi system faces many challenges including but not limited to seamless integration with the WiFi, support for mobility, handover management, resource sharing, and load balancing. The existing literature has addressed one or the other aspect of the issues facing LiFi systems. There are limited free source tools available to holistically address these challenges in a scalable manner. To this end, we have developed an open-source simulation framework based on the network simulator 3 (ns-3), which realizes critical aspects of the LiFi wireless network. Our developed ns-3 LiFi framework provides a fully functional AP equipped with the physical layer and medium access control (MAC), a mobility model for the user device, and integration between LiFi and WiFi with a handover facility. Simulation results are produced to demonstrate the mobility and handover capabilities, and the performance gains from the LiFi-WiFi hybrid system in terms of packet delay, throughput, packet drop ratio (PDR), and fairness between users. The source code of the framework is made available for the use of the research community.

Framework of Reliability-Based Stochastic Mobility Map for Next Generation NATO Reference Mobility Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Choi ◽  
Paramsothy Jayakumar ◽  
Matthew Funk ◽  
Nicholas Gaul ◽  
Tamer M. Wasfy
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Terrain Elevation ◽  
Dynamic Kriging ◽  
Geotechnical Databases

A framework for generation of reliability-based stochastic off-road mobility maps is developed to support the next generation NATO reference mobility model (NG-NRMM) using full stochastic knowledge of terrain properties and modern complex terramechanics modeling and simulation capabilities. The framework is for carrying out uncertainty quantification (UQ) and reliability assessment for Speed Made Good and GO/NOGO decisions for the ground vehicle based on the input variability models of the terrain elevation and soil property parameters. To generate the distribution of the slope at given point, realizations of the elevation raster are generated using the normal distribution. For the soil property parameters, such as cohesion, friction, and bulk density, the min and max values obtained from geotechnical databases for each of the soil types are used to generate the normal distribution with a 99% confidence value range. In the framework, the ranges of terramechanics input parameters that will cover the regions of interest are first identified. Within these ranges of input parameters, a dynamic kriging (DKG) surrogate model is obtained for the maximum speed of the nevada automotive test center (NATC) wheeled vehicle platform complex terramechanics model. Finally, inverse reliability analysis using Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to generate the reliability-based stochastic mobility maps for Speed Made Good and GO/NOGO decisions. It is found that the deterministic map of the region of interest has probability of only 25% to achieve the indicated speed.

scholarly journals Mobility patterns are associated with experienced income segregation in large US cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Moro ◽  
Dan Calacci ◽  
Xiaowen Dong ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Mobility Behavior

AbstractTraditional understanding of urban income segregation is largely based on static coarse-grained residential patterns. However, these do not capture the income segregation experience implied by the rich social interactions that happen in places that may relate to individual choices, opportunities, and mobility behavior. Using a large-scale high-resolution mobility data set of 4.5 million mobile phone users and 1.1 million places in 11 large American cities, we show that income segregation experienced in places and by individuals can differ greatly even within close spatial proximity. To further understand these fine-grained income segregation patterns, we introduce a Schelling extension of a well-known mobility model, and show that experienced income segregation is associated with an individual’s tendency to explore new places (place exploration) as well as places with visitors from different income groups (social exploration). Interestingly, while the latter is more strongly associated with demographic characteristics, the former is more strongly associated with mobility behavioral variables. Our results suggest that mobility behavior plays an important role in experienced income segregation of individuals. To measure this form of income segregation, urban researchers should take into account mobility behavior and not only residential patterns.

scholarly journals Students Social Based Mobility Model for MANET-DTN Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Hrabčák ◽  
Martin Matis ◽  
L’ubomír Doboš ◽  
Ján Papaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wireless Mobile

In the real world, wireless mobile devices are carried by humans. For this reason, it is useful if mobility models as simulation tools used to test routing protocols and other MANET-DTN features follow the behaviour of humans. In this paper, we propose a new social based mobility model called Students Social Based Mobility Model (SSBMM). This mobility model is inspired by the daily routine of student’s life. Since many current social based mobility models give nodes freedom in terms of movement according to social feeling and attractivity to other nodes or places, we focus more on the mandatory part of our life, such as going to work and school. In the case of students, this mandatory part of their life is studying in university according to their schedule. In their free time, they move and behave according to attractivity to other nodes or places of their origin. Finally, proposed SSBMM was tested and verified by Tools for Evaluation of Social Relation in Mobility Models and compared with random based mobility models. At the end, SSBMM was simulated to examine the impact of social relations on routing protocols.

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