238×238 surface micromachined optical crossconnect with 2dB maximum loss

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Aksyuk ◽  
S. Arney ◽  
N.R. Basavanhally ◽  
D.J. Bishop ◽  
C.A. Bolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Optical Crossconnect

1100 x 1100 port MEMS-based optical crossconnect with 4-dB maximum loss

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1537-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kim ◽  
C.J. Nuzman ◽  
B. Kumar ◽  
D.F. Lieuwen ◽  
J.S. Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Optical Crossconnect

Studies of Crop Loss following Insect Attack on Cotton in East Africa

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. McKinlay ◽  
Q. A. Geering
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Heliothis Armigera ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Phaseolus Mungo ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Insect Attack

The loss of crop following insect attack on cotton was studied in 1950–54 at the Cotton Research Station, Namulonge, which is situated in the elephant-grass zone of Uganda, in which the principal pest of cotton was originally considered to be Lygus vosseleri Popp. In 1953, the main invasion of cotton by Lygus occurred during September and October, originating from cultivated crops of black gram (Phaseolus mungo) and sorghum and from the wild perennial legume, Pseudarthria sp., which earlier workers had considered important. Trials in this zone have demonstrated, over a number of years, that early June is the optimum date for sowing cotton, although such sowings receive the heaviest attack by L. vosseleri. Experiments to determine the maximum loss of yield due to Lygus should therefore be made with cotton sown at this time. Bollworms are also important pests, notably Heliothis armigera (Hb.) and Earias spp., their attacks following those of Lygus and being heaviest in October–November.

Optical Crossconnect Circuit With Intersecting Waveguides On InP Substrate

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Erman ◽  
P. Jarry ◽  
H. Angenent ◽  
C. Graver ◽  
J. M. Auger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Crossconnect ◽  
Inp Substrate

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE POTASSIUM CONTENT OF SEA URCHIN EGGS ON FERTILIZATION

1951 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Monroy Oddo ◽  
Maria Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Minimum Point ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

In the eggs of Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus an uptake of K occurs during the first 10 minutes following fertilization. Between 10 and 40 minutes K is then released. Both in Arbacia and in Paracentrotus the minimum point of the curve coincides with the nuclear streak stage. A maximum loss of 25 per cent in Arbacia and 20 per cent in Paracentrotus with respect to the amount present in the unfertilized eggs has been found. From 40 minutes up to 1 hour K undergoes a further increase and when the first cleavage sets in the same amount of K is present as in the unfertilized eggs. By treating the eggs with K-free artificial sea water it has been established that about 60 per cent of the K content of the eggs is in a non-diffusible condition. Also under such conditions the eggs when fertilized are able to take up even the very small amount of K present in the medium that was released by them prior to fertilization.

scholarly journals Dynamic Gaming Case of the R-Interdiction Median Problem with Fortification and an MILP-Based Solution Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyong Xiao ◽  
Pei Yang ◽  
Siyue Zhang ◽  
Shenghan Zhou ◽  
Wenbing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Median Problem ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Large Scale Problems ◽  
Objective Model

This paper studies the cyclic dynamic gaming case of the r-interdiction median problem with fortification (CDGC-RIMF), which is important for strengthening a facility’s reliability and invulnerability under various possible attacks. We formulated the CDGC-RIMF as a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model with two opposing goals to minimize/maximize the loss from both the designer (leader) and attacker (follower) sides. The first goal was to identify the most cost-effective plan to build and fortify the facility considering minimum loss, whereas the attacker followed the designer to seek the most destructive way of attacking to cause maximum loss. We found that the two sides could not reach a static equilibrium with a single pair of confrontational plans in an ordinary case, but were able to reach a dynamically cyclic equilibrium when the plan involved multiple pairs. The proposed bi-objective model aimed to discover the optimal cyclic plans for both sides to reach a dynamic equilibrium. To solve this problem, we first started from the designer’s side with a design and fortification plan, and then the attacker was able to generate their worst attack plan based on that design. After that, the designer changed their plan again based on the attacker’s plan in order to minimize loss, and the attacker correspondingly modified their plan to achieve maximum loss. This game looped until, finally, a cyclic equilibrium was reached. This equilibrium was deemed to be optimal for both sides because there was always more loss for either side if they left the equilibrium first. This game falls into the subgame of a perfect Nash equilibrium—a kind of complete game. The proposed bi-objective model was directly solved by the CPLEX solver to achieve optimal solutions for small-sized problems and near-optimal feasible solutions for larger-sized problems. Furthermore, for large-scale problems, we developed a heuristic algorithm that implemented dynamic iterative partial optimization alongside MILP (DIPO-MILP), which showed better performance compared with the CPLEX solver when solving large-scale problems.

scholarly journals Interference of GR® Volunteer Corn Population and Origin on Soybean Grain Yield Losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PIASECKI ◽  
M.A. RIZZARDI ◽  
D.P. SCHWADE ◽  
M. TRES ◽  
J. SARTORI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: The cultivation of GR® maize prior to soybean, mainly in the no-tillage system favors the higher occurrence of GR® volunteer corn interfering in soybean crops. Volunteer corn originate from seeds that were lost during harvest or from non-harvested seeds from the field; these are individual seeds, originating individual plants, or several seeds adhered to segments of the rachis, which originate clumps. Volunteer corn in the form of clumps predominates in soybean crops, but little information about its effect on soybean is available in the literature. During two years, three experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluate the impact of the interference of GR® F2 generation volunteer corn populations coming from individual and clump seeds (seven corn plants emerged at the same point) over soybean yield components and grain yield. The results show that losses in soybean yield components and grain yield are influenced by the population and origin of volunteer corn. Clumps cause losses over 90% for populations above four clumps m-2, while the mean maximum loss observed for individual plants was 83% in the largest studied populations. Soybean yield decreased significantly when competing with populations below one plant or clump m-2, being 16% and 46% in the population of 0.5 individual plant and clump m-2, respectively.

Estimating probable maximum loss from a Cascadia tsunami

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Dominey-Howes ◽  
Paula Dunbar ◽  
Jesse Varner ◽  
Maria Papathoma-Köhle
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Probable Maximum Loss

Prediction of Power Plant Exposure to Economic Losses Through a Property Risk Assessment Methodology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Orme ◽  
M. Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Probable Maximum Loss

In this paper, a procedure for Risk Assessment, which makes use of two risk indices (PML - Probable Maximum Loss and MFL - Maximum Foreseeable Loss) is applied to power plants to evaluate potential economic losses due to risk exposure for two different loss scenarios (probable and worst-case). The paper is mainly focused on Property Insurance aspects, though Boiler and Machinery Insurance and business interruption are also addressed. First, the procedure is applied to provide a prediction of probable and maximum loss as a function of power output. The results allow an estimate of whether the adoption of risk assessment procedures and devices allows an actual payback for plant owners. Second, the economic loss predicted through the risk assessment procedure is compared against real power plant loss values, taken from published data.

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