Fully reconfigurable WDM optical crossconnect: feasibility validation and preparation of prototype crossconnect for ACTS “OPEN” field trials

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jourdan
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Optical Crossconnect

WDM Networking: Lessons from ACTS OPEN Field Trials

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chbat ◽  
P. Goedsvang ◽  
A. Jourdan ◽  
A. Leciert ◽  
T. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Trials

Initial studies of the growth, nitrogen sequestering, and de-watering potential of perennial grass selections for use as nitrogen catch crops in orchards

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Stork ◽  
P. H. Jerie
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
High Water ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Leaching Losses

Two field trials were established to evaluate the ability of perennial grasses to recoup leaching losses of nitrogen in orchards. A perennial grass was considered suitable for use in orchards if it had a winter active–summer dormant growth cycle. High winter growth would ensure de-watering of the soil profile and nitrate uptake during this period, when an orchard is most vulnerable to leaching losses of nitrate. Low growth in summer would minimise competition for water and nutrients with fruit trees. These traits were studied in 14 varieties of grasses from 8 species in an open field and in an established apricot orchard. Semi-dormant summer growth was observed in species such as Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Kasbah, and Festuca arundinacea L. cv. MK88931. In the open field trial, the sequestration of NO3–-N + NH4+-N between late autumn and early spring, by Kasbah and MK88931, was estimated at 172 and 220 kg N/ha, respectively. Kasbah and MK88931 also demonstrated the driest soil profiles to a depth of 1.5 m in this period. This reflected their high water use and de-watering potential. Therefore, the performance of these grasses demonstrated a model approach to mitigate nitrate leaching below orchard root-zones. They could minimise deep percolation of rainfall and sequestered large amounts of inorganic nitrogen in soil during winter, whilst producing low growth during summer.

scholarly journals The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bucklaew ◽  
Ned Dochtermann
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Average Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gryllodes Sigillatus ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Prior Behavior

AbstractPast experiences are known to affect average behavior but effects on “animal personality”, and plasticity are less well studied. To determine whether experience with predators influences these aspects, we compared the behavior of Gryllodes sigillatus before and after exposure to live predators. We found that emergence from shelter and distance moved during open-field trials (activity) changed after exposure, with individuals becoming less likely to emerge from shelters but more active when deprived of shelter. We also found that plasticity in activity increased after exposure to predators and some indications that differences among individuals (i.e. “personality”) in emergence from shelter and the amount of an arena investigated increased after exposure. Our results demonstrate that experience with predators affects not only the average behavior of individuals but also how individuals differ from each other—and their own prior behavior—even when all individuals have the same experiences.

Modification of Emotionality in the Rat as a Function of Prolonged Shock Stress

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Pare
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Field Behavior ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Shock Stress

In order to investigate the effect of chronic stress on open-field behavior in adult organisms, 24 male, 95-day-old rats, equated with 24 control Ss, were subjected to tone-shock stress 20 hr. daily for 26 days. Open-field responses of latency, ambulation, rearing and emotional elimination (EE) were obtained on 4 subsequent open-field trials. In addition to a significant adrenal hypertrophy, chronic stress produced a significant decrease in latency, and an increase in ambulation and rearing scores for experimental Ss. Conclusions are: (a) latency, ambulation, rearing, and EE are not equally valid indices of emotionality in the rat; (b) 26-day stress does not modify adult emotionality as defined by EE. Results are discussed in terms of adaptation and Malmo's activation theory.

scholarly journals Year-to-year Variations in Antioxidant Components of High-Lycopene Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Breeding Lines

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riadh Ilahy ◽  
Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui ◽  
Gabriella Piro ◽  
Marcello Salvatore Lenucci ◽  
Chafik Hdider
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Lycopene Content

A two-year field study (2013−2014) was performed to evaluate phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of two high-lycopene tomato breeding lines (HLT-F71 and HLT-F72) grown under open field conditions as compared to the traditional cultivar (cv) Rio Grande. Two open-field trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014. Three tomato cvs were used: two high-lycopene tomato advanced breeding lines (HLT-F71 and ‘HLT-F72’) (F7 generation), and the open-pollinated cv Rio Grande commonly grown in Tunisia. Regardless the growing years and cvs, lycopene content ranged from 98.8 to 280.0 mg/kg fw, total phenolics from 176.1 to 831.8 mg GAE/kg fw flavonoids from 169.7 to 552.1 mg RE/kg fw and total vitamin C from 183.4 to 370.0 mg/kg fw. Significant year-to-year variability was only detected in total phenolics and flavonoid content. No significant year-to-year variability in antioxidant activity was detected in high-lycopene lines. Disregarding the cv, tomato berries harvested on July 2014 had 143% - 224% higher total phenolics and 8% to 47% higher flavonoid contents compared to tomato berries harvested on July 2013. However, disregarding the cv, tomato berries harvested on July 2013 had 6% -17% higher lycopene and 8% -21% higher LAA compared to berries harvested on 2014. During the second growing year, the higher temperature, particularly prior to harvest, determined a decrease in lycopene content and a significant increase in total phenolics regardless the cv. Although the huge variability in total phenolics and the decrease in lycopene content during the second harvest, the antioxidant activity was not affected by year-to-year variability. This reveals consistent functional quality of these cvs and minimal genotype*environmental conditions interaction.

scholarly journals Genetically modified crops in India: Experiments with Bt Cotton to explore the road ahead

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Amanpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Research Article

AbstractThe success of genetically modified crops (GMCs), claimed to hold solution to impending environmental problems, depends on land holdings, agroclimatic and geoclimatic conditions, food preferences and sociocultural factors. The direct and indirect impacts of these crops on human health, ecology and environment have not been evaluated on long-term basis. In India, with rich background of farming, GMCs remain a minor change. Introduction of first GMC, Bt Cotton (BC), showed varied response throughout the country. New GMCs like Bt Brinjal and GM Mustard approved for open-field trials in the country were marred under contentious debate and were never approved for commercial cultivation. The current research article aims to study the ecological implications of only GMC available for experimentation in India, BC. A three-phase study carried out as field survey, glass dome experiments and open-field trials compared the BC and conventional cotton (CC) plants with extensive experimentation of ecological parameters including vegetation diversity, insect diversity, plant morphology and infestation intensity. Results highlighted the better morphological characteristics of BC over CC, while infestation studies showed 40% survival rate of insect pest on BC for which it is genetically modified. High electrical conductivity and low organic matter content in the BC soil samples as compared to CC soil samples were indicative of impact of Bt toxins in soil but need further in-depth soil studies to reach scientifically valid results. The current research article substantiates the environmental concerns raised against GMCs especially BC in the country. Its objective is to trigger more research in this direction, so that the technology of GMCs is utilized for the benefit of humankind.

scholarly journals The Performance of Representative Asian Vegetables in Different Production Systems in Texas

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Joseph Masabni ◽  
Triston Hooks ◽  
Daniel Leskovar ◽  
John Jifon
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Postharvest Management

Demand for Asian vegetables is rising rapidly due to changing demographics and increasing consumer awareness of their health benefits. However, growers are not familiar with growing these “foreign” crops due to insufficient technical information regarding suitable cultivars for different regions, production schedules, disease and pest susceptibility, and postharvest management. The objective of this study was to conduct trials in different production systems and climate regions to demonstrate the potential of growing Asian vegetables in Texas. We conducted preliminary trials of nine leafy greens in the open field, high tunnel, and greenhouse (container and hydroponic production) to explore the suitability and potential for year-round production. We also conducted field trials for warm season crops in the open field in different climate zones. Results indicated that for cool season leafy greens, open field production has a limited growing season, high tunnel has the potential to extend the growing season, while greenhouse may provide year-round production using soilless substrate container culture or hydroponic system. For warm season crops, early planting is recommended for high yield. Additional research is warranted in different regions to test more species and cultivars and optimize the production system of high-performing cultivars to maximize production and profitability.

scholarly journals Comparison of floral traits in Calibrachoa cultivars and assessment of their impacts on attractiveness to flower-visiting insects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Marquardt ◽  
Lydia Kienbaum ◽  
Dominik Losert ◽  
Lea Annina Kretschmer ◽  
Marina Rigling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Insect Visitors

AbstractOrnamental plants are appreciated by humans for their colorfulness, beauty, abundant flowering and long blooming periods. Many ornamental plants can also constitute an additional foraging resource for flower-visiting insects. However, the ability of the popular ornamental plant Calibrachoa to support urban insect communities is not well documented. In this study, 20 different Calibrachoa cultivars were selected and tested in regard to their insect friendliness based on standardized observations (I) in flight tents using the large earth bumble bee Bombus terrestris as a model species and (II) in open field trials. To investigate what floral characteristics might constitute attractiveness to bumble bees, various floral traits were recorded and compared across all tested Calibrachoa cultivars. Over a two-year period, a total of 6,327 foraging bumble bees were recorded in the tent observations. In the open field observations, we counted 4,188 flower-visiting insects. Our results revealed that (I) all Calibrachoa cultivars were visited by insects for foraging, (II) the number of insect visitors varied significantly among the 20 tested cultivars and (III) the cultivars displayed different floral traits. For the morphometric floral traits and the aroma profiles of Calibrachoa, only the mean nectar quantity and a few identified compounds could be correlated with attractiveness to the model species B. terrestris. We also found that the petal color of the tested cultivars had a significant impact on the number of visitors. Therefore, B. terrestris clearly preferred red or blue Calibrachoa cultivars over those with other petal colors. However, as the cultivar preferences in the different insect groups differed, it is highly recommended to use various cultivars in urban plantings. Nevertheless, efforts must be made to explain what additional floral traits make Calibrachoa and other ornamental plants generally attractive to flower visitors. This information can then be used for breeding purposes to increase the insect friendliness of ornamental plants.

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