Low Threshold Current and High-speed Operation of Membrane Lasers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehisa Arai ◽  
Nobuhiko Nishiyama ◽  
Tomohiro Amemiya
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Threshold Current ◽  
Low Threshold

Extremely low threshold current 1.52 μm InGaAsP/InP MS-DFB lasers with second-order grating

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burkhard ◽  
E. Kuphal ◽  
H.W. Dinges
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Current ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Low Threshold

Low Threshold Current Density (100) GaInAsP/InP Double-Heterostructure Lasers for Wavelength 1.3 µm

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Itaya ◽  
Yasuharu Suematsu ◽  
Shinya Katayama ◽  
Katsumi Kishino ◽  
Shigehisa Arai
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Threshold Current ◽  
Threshold Current Density ◽  
Double Heterostructure ◽  
Low Threshold

Very low threshold‐current temperature sensitivity in constricted double‐heterojunction AlGaAs lasers

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 3840-3844 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Botez ◽  
J. C. Connolly ◽  
D. B. Gilbert ◽  
M. Ettenberg
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Threshold Current ◽  
Double Heterojunction ◽  
Low Threshold

Rapid ankle extension during paw shakes: selective recruitment of fast ankle extensors

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Smith ◽  
B. Betts ◽  
V. R. Edgerton ◽  
R. F. Zernicke
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Peak Displacement ◽  
Cyclic Movements ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Low Threshold

1. Electromyographic (EMG) signals from slow (soleus) and fast (lateral gastrocnemius) ankle extensors of six cats were recorded during rapid and alternate flexion-extension of the hindlimb elicited by placing the paw in water or by sticking tape to the plantar pads. High-speed 16-mm film, taken at 100 or 200 frames/s, was analyzed to determine the knee and ankle joint kinematics. 2. During 77 typical records, which averaged eight paw shakes each, a single extension-flexion cycle measured by the paw shake interval (PSI) of the electromyogram record, averaged 88 ms and ranged from 55 to 110 ms. LG EMG bursts of 10 ms in duration were synchronized with the peak displacement of ankle flexion. The SOL was inactive throughout these typical records. 3. During four atypical records from one cat, the average OSI was 141 ms, and both lateral gastrocnemius (LG and soleus (SOL) were active simultaneously. At a range of 6--8 cycles/s, these slower shakes are comparable to rhythmic actions of scratching )12) and locomotion (27); cyclic movements that typically include the recruitment of soleus. 4. It is suggested that paw shaking is an automatic movement triggered primarily by large, low-threshold afferents innervating the central plantar pads, which may selectively recruit the fast extensors while inhibiting the slow extensor. This is the only movement of the hindlimb recorded to date in our laboratory in which the tlg was active without the SOL. This unique dissociation of recruitment of slow and fast ankle extensors may be dictated by the time constraints imposed by the rapid cyclic movements of paw shaking.

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