A new method for quantification of age-related brain changes

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Kovalev ◽  
F. Kruggel
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Changes

Ageing and the human brain

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Verena Heise ◽  
Enikő Zsoldos ◽  
Klaus P. Ebmeier
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Public Health Medicine ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
The Brain

There is little doubt that the brain changes with time, and all research in psychiatry is predicated on holding age constant in comparing groups of patients or estimating the effect sizes of causal factors. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that are responsible for translating time into ageing. This chapter tries, after an overview of the principal mechanisms involved in biological ageing, to summarize the age-related changes observable in brains in vivo and to demonstrate the types of investigations that may cast light on such mechanisms in the future. A useful heuristic device to order the multiple potential causes of ageing is the chronic stress–allostatic load model, widely employed in epidemiology, public health medicine, and health psychology. In vivo imaging provides a method to test the translation of intermediate stress markers, such as vascular risk, metabolic syndrome, or allostatic load, into predictors of age-related brain changes.

Rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING): a new method for assessing age-related locomotor decline in

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J GARGANO ◽  
I MARTIN ◽  
P BHANDARI ◽  
M GROTEWIEL
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Age-related functional brain changes in young children

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Long ◽  
Alina Benischek ◽  
Deborah Dewey ◽  
Catherine Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Changes

Quality of Vision Index: A New Method to Appraise Visual Function Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Piermarocchi ◽  
Monica Varano ◽  
Mahachstina Parravano ◽  
Francesco Oddone ◽  
Mauro Sartore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
New Method ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Quality Of Vision

scholarly journals T2 heterogeneity as an in vivo marker of microstructural integrity in medial temporal lobe subfields in ageing and mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfie R. Wearn ◽  
Volkan Nurdal ◽  
Esther Saunders-Jennings ◽  
Michael J. Knight ◽  
Christopher R. Madan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Changes

ABSTRACTA better understanding of early brain changes that precede loss of independence in diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical for development of disease-modifying therapies. Quantitative MRI, such as T2 relaxometry, can identify microstructural changes relevant to early stages of pathology. Recent evidence suggests heterogeneity of T2 may be a more informative measure of early pathology than absolute T2. Here we test whether T2 markers of brain integrity precede the volume changes we know are present in established AD and whether such changes are most marked in medial temporal lobe (MTL) subfields known to be most affected early in AD. We show that T2 heterogeneity was greater in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=49) compared to healthy older controls (n=99) in all MTL subfields, but this increase was greatest in MTL cortices, and smallest in dentate gyrus. This reflects the spatio-temporal progression of neurodegeneration in AD. T2 heterogeneity in the entorhinal cortex also predicted cognitive decline over a year in people with MCI, where measures of volume or T2 in any other subfield or whole hippocampus could not. Increases in T2 heterogeneity in MTL cortices may reflect localised pathological change and may present as one of the earliest detectible brain changes prior to atrophy. Finally, we describe a mechanism by which memory, as measured by accuracy and reaction time on a paired associate learning task, deteriorates with age. Age-related memory deficits were explained in part by lower subfield volumes, which in turn were directly associated with greater T2 heterogeneity. We propose that tissue with high T2 heterogeneity represents extant tissue at risk of permanent damage but with the potential for therapeutic rescue. This has implications for early detection of neurodegenerative disease.

New method of salvage retinoblastoma treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
N.F. Bobrova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Sorochinskaya ◽  
S.A. Tronina ◽  
A.Y. Bratishko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
New Method ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Tissue Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Antibiotic Solution ◽  
One Step ◽  
Key Words Retinoblastoma ◽  
Pars Plana

Purpose. Elaboration of the new method of salvage retinoblastoma (RB) treatment, combining local and systemic chemotherapy. Material and methods. Salvage treatment using the new method was carried out in 71 children aged 2 months – 7 years on 102 eyes with RB in T1–T3 stages. At the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmopathology of SI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of NAMS of Ukraine» the method of combined polychemotherapy (CPCT) was developed in 2010: primary IViC – injection of 0,01 µg (0,1 µg) Melphalan through pars plana; a course of CEV-protocol (drugs combination: Carboplatin + Etoposide Phosphate + Vincristine Sulfate) chemoreduction the next day after injection; monitoring the state of the tumor with repeated courses of SPHT every 3 weeks; addition of CPCT by focal destruction methods according to indications. In order to increase the ablasticity of IVi injections, we have developed the antireflux method of their implementation: to reduce IOP the diuretic injection is preliminarily performed in age-related dosage; puncture of the conjunctiva at the distance of 1–1,5 mm from the intended sclera puncture and its displacement above the IVi injection site; puncture of the sclera with obliquely perpendicular injection channel formation; IViC by cytostatic Melphalan in a volume of 0,1 ml in various dilutions depending on the indications; in repeated IViC – in different meridians; removing the needle with one-step tamponade of the injection site by cotton swab, antibiotic solution injecting under the conjunctiva with roller formation. Results. Ten-year experience of using the developed algorithm of salvage RB treatment by combined polychemotherapy, based on primary intravitreal melphalan chemotherapy (using the proposed antireflux injection method) with simultaneous systemic chemoreduction, proves its safety and effectivity – 77.5% regression of the tumors. Conclusion. Simultaneous action on the tumor of various cytostatics – one (melphalan) intraocular directly on the tumor and its vitreal clones, others – (carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine) – from the peripheral blood – creates the effect of «double blow» on RB cells. Key words: retinoblastoma, salvage treatment, combined polychemotherapy.

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