Effect of User Posture and Device Size on the Performance of Touch-Based Authentication Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Syed ◽  
Jordan Helmick ◽  
Sean Banerjee ◽  
Bojan Cukic
Keyword(s):  
Device Size

Fundamental Considerations for CDM Failure in 90nm Products

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Wakai ◽  
Yuji Kobira ◽  
Hidemitsu Egawa ◽  
Masayoshi Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Oxide Breakdown ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Charged Device ◽  
Device Size ◽  
Fundamental Consideration

Abstract Fundamental consideration for CDM (Charged Device Model) breakdown was investigated with 90nm technology products and others. According to the result of failure analysis, it was found that gate oxide breakdown was critical failure mode for CDM test. High speed triggered protection device such as ggNMOS and SCR (Thyristor) is effective method to improve its CDM breakdown voltage and an improvement for evaluated products were confirmed. Technological progress which is consisted of down-scaling of protection device size and huge number of IC pins of high function package makes technology vulnerable and causes significant CDM stress. Therefore, it is expected that CDM protection designing tends to become quite difficult. In order to solve these problems in the product, fundamental evaluations were performed. Those are a measurement of discharge parameter and stress time dependence of CDM breakdown voltage. Peak intensity and rise time of discharge current as critical parameters are well correlated their package capacitance. Increasing stress time causes breakdown voltage decreasing. This mechanism is similar to that of TDDB for gate oxide breakdown. Results from experiences and considerations for future CDM reliable designing are explained in this report.

Auto-Metrology on TEM Images of FinFET

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal Biring
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Visual Judgment ◽  
Manual Measurement ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Edge Detecting ◽  
Geometrical Data ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Device Size

Abstract The FinFET has been introduced in the last decade to provide better transistor performance as the device size shrinks. The performance of FinFET is highly sensitive to the size and shape of the fin, which needs to be optimized with tighter control. Manual measurement of nano-scale features on TEM images of FinFET is not only a time consuming and tedious task, but also prone to error owing to visual judgment. Here, an auto-metrology approach is presented to extract the measured values with higher precision and accuracy so that the uncertainty in the manual measurement can be minimized. Firstly, a FinFET TEM image is processed through an edge detecting algorithm to reveal the fin profile precisely. Finally, an algorithm is utilized to calculate out the required geometrical data relevant to the FinFET parameters and summarizes them to a table or plots a graph based on the purpose of data interpretation. This auto-metrology approach is expected to be adopted by academia and/or industry for proper data analysis and interpretation with higher precision and efficiency.

scholarly journals Design and experimental investigation of a novel spiral microfluidic chip to separate wide size range of micro-particles aimed at cell separation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110297
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Tabatabaei ◽  
Mohammad Zabetian Targhi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Monodisperse Polystyrene ◽  
Device Size

Isolation of microparticles and biological cells on microfluidic chips has received considerable attention due to their applications in numerous areas such as medical and engineering fields. Microparticles separation is of great importance in bioassays due to the need for smaller sample and device size and lower manufacturing costs. In this study, we first explain the concepts of separation and microfluidic science along with their applications in the medical sciences, and then, a conceptual design of a novel inertial microfluidic system is proposed and analyzed. The PDMS spiral microfluidic device was fabricated, and its effects on the separation of particles with sizes similar to biological particles were experimentally analyzed. This separation technique can be used to separate cancer cells from the normal ones in the blood samples. These components required for testing were selected, assembled, and finally, a very affordable microfluidic kit was provided. Different experiments were designed, and the results were analyzed using appropriate software and methods. Separator system tests with polydisperse hollow glass particles (diameter 2–20 µm), and monodisperse Polystyrene particles (diameter 5 & 15 µm), and the results exhibit an acceptable chip performance with 86% of efficiency for both monodisperse particles and polydisperse particles. The microchannel collects particles with an average diameter of 15.8, 9.4, and 5.9 μm at the proposed reservoirs. This chip can be integrated into a more extensive point-of-care diagnostic system to test blood samples.

scholarly journals Safety and effects of volume loading during transesophageal echocardiography in the pre-procedural work-up for left atrial appendage closure

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso B. Freitas-Ferraz ◽  
Mathieu Bernier ◽  
Kim O’Connor ◽  
Jonathan Beaudoin ◽  
Jean Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Fluid Bolus ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Device Size ◽  
Laa Closure

Abstract Background In patients undergoing left atrial appendage (LAA) closure, an accurate sizing of the LAA is key to optimize device sizing, procedural success and reduce complications. Previous studies have shown that intraprocedural volume loading increases LAA dimensions and improves device sizing. However, the safety and effects on LAA and device sizing of administering a fluid bolus during pre-procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and impact on LAA dimensions and device sizing of an intravenous (IV) fluid bolus administered during TEE in the setting of the pre-procedural work-up for LAA closure. Methods The study included a total of 72 patients who underwent TEE to assess suitability for LAAC and received a 500 ml IV bolus of normal saline. The LAA landing zone (LZ) and depth were measured by TEE before and after volume loading, and these measurements were used to predict the device size implanted during a subsequent percutaneous LAAC procedure. Results There were no complications associated with volume loading. The baseline mean LZ was 19.6 ± 3.6 mm at 90o, and 20.2 ± 4.1 mm at 135o. Following fluid bolus, the maximum diameter increased 1.5 ± 1.0 mm at 90o (p<0.001), and 1.3 ± 1.0 mm at 135o (p<0.001). The baseline mean depth of the LAA was 26.5 ± 5.5 mm at 90o, and 23.9 ± 5.8 mm at 135o. After fluid bolus, the mean depth increased by 1.5 ± 1.8 mm (p<0.001) and 1.6 ± 2.0 (p<0.001), at 90o and 135o, respectively. Sizing based on post-bolus measurements of the LZ significantly improved the agreement with the final device size selection during the procedure in 71.0% of cases (vs. 42.0% with pre-bolus measurements). Conclusions Volume loading during ambulatory TEE as part of the pre-procedural work-up of LAAC is safe and significantly increases LAA dimensions. This strategy may become the new standard, particularly in centers performing LAAC with no TEE guidance, as it improves LAA sizing and more accurately predicts the final device size.

Device-size dependence of field-free spin-orbit torque induced magnetization switching in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 092410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kurenkov ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
S. DuttaGupta ◽  
S. Fukami ◽  
H. Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Size Dependence ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Magnetization Switching ◽  
Device Size

scholarly journals Engineering challenges for accelerated fusion demonstrators

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2141) ◽  
pp. 20170442 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Surrey
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycles ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Device Size

There are several programmes within the fusion community that are engaged in the design of fusion devices to follow the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), referred to as ‘demonstrators’. These programmes have identified many issues over the past decade, and research now concentrates on optimizing the combination of systems against a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) which may vary between programmes. While the return on investment in and experience from ITER is seen as an important factor in this research there are significant differences in the operational conditions and KPI of demonstrators that generate additional problems requiring different solutions. Among these problems are the necessary use of uncommon materials for structural and functional purposes, the impact of the availability KPI on basic machine design, configuration and component lifetime and the integration of the tritium fuel and thermodynamic cycles. These raise issues of component manufacture and standards and of resource availability in the required quantities and quality that are independent of device size and design. Interpreting ‘accelerating fusion’ in a wider sense, the impact of these issues, analysed in respect of developmental timescales, shows that a strategy of early engagement with the industrial supply chain and the development of computational engineering testing and verification will be essential to prevent prolonged timescales to fusion progress. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Fusion energy using tokamaks: can development be accelerated?’

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