Area array solder interconnection technology for the three-dimensional silicon cube

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Howell ◽  
D.W. Brouillette ◽  
J.W. Konejwa ◽  
E.J. Sprogis ◽  
S.J. Yankee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solder Interconnection ◽  
Area Array

A Multilayer Process for the Connection of Fine-Pitch-Devices on Molded Interconnect Devices (MIDs)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Leneke ◽  
Soeren Hirsch ◽  
Bertram Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Area Array ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Escape Routing ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Molded Interconnect Devices ◽  
Metallization Process

A key factor for the propagation of technological applications is the miniaturization of respective components, subsystems and overall systems. To meet future requirements in such size decreasing environments the packaging and mounting technology needs new impulses. 3D-MIDs (three-dimensional molded interconnect devices) exhibit a high potential for smart packages and assemblies. A three-dimensional shaped circuit carrier allows the integration of various functional features (e.g. electrical connections, housing, thermal management, mechanical support). This combination makes a further system shrinking possible. Yet, the mounting of high-density area-array fine-pitch packaged semiconductors (BGA, CSP, MCM) or bare dies to 3D-MIDs is problematic. The lack of a three-dimensional multilayer technology makes a collision free escape routing for devices with a high I/O count difficult. Therefore a new 3D-MID multilayer process was developed and combined with an established 3D-MID metallization process. A demonstrator with three metallization layers, capable, e.g., for flip-chip mounting of area-array packages, is fabricated. The multilayer structure of the demonstrator is investigated with respect to the mechanical and electrical behavior.

High-Density Large-Area-Array Interconnects Formed by Low-Temperature Cu/Sn–Cu Bonding for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Lueck ◽  
J. D. Reed ◽  
C. W. Gregory ◽  
A. Huffman ◽  
J. M. Lannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Density ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Area Array ◽  
Cu Bonding

scholarly journals Non-Scanning Three-Dimensional Imaging System with a Single-Pixel Detector: Simulation and Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3100
Author(s):  
Guang Shi ◽  
Leijue Zheng ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Keqing Lu
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Area Array ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Single Pixel

Existing scanning laser three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has slow measurement speed. In addition, the measurement accuracy of non-scanning laser 3D imaging technology based on area array detectors is limited by the resolution and response frequency of area array detectors. As a result, applications of laser 3D imaging technology are limited. This paper completed simulations and experiments of a non-scanning 3D imaging system with a single-pixel detector. The single-pixel detector can be used to achieve 3D imaging of a target by compressed sensing to overcome the shortcomings of the existing laser 3D imaging technology. First, the effects of different sampling rates, sparse transform bases, measurement matrices, and reconstruction algorithms on the measurement results were compared through simulation experiments. Second, a non-scanning 3D imaging experimental platform was designed and constructed. Finally, an experiment was performed to compare the effects of different sampling rates and reconstruction algorithms on the reconstruction effect of 3D imaging to obtain a 3D image with a resolution of 8 × 8. The simulation results show that the reconstruction effect of the Hadamard measurement matrix and the minimum total variation reconstruction algorithm performed well.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Structural organization of escherichia coli ribosomes as determined by immuno electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stöffler ◽  
R.W. Bald ◽  
J. Dieckhoff ◽  
H. Eckhard ◽  
R. Lührmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy

A central step towards an understanding of the structure and function of the Escherichia coli ribosome, a large multicomponent assembly, is the elucidation of the spatial arrangement of its 54 proteins and its three rRNA molecules. The structural organization of ribosomal components has been investigated by a number of experimental approaches. Specific antibodies directed against each of the 54 ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli have been performed to examine antibody-subunit complexes by electron microscopy. The position of the bound antibody, specific for a particular protein, can be determined; it indicates the location of the corresponding protein on the ribosomal surface.The three-dimensional distribution of each of the 21 small subunit proteins on the ribosomal surface has been determined by immuno electron microscopy: the 21 proteins have been found exposed with altogether 43 antibody binding sites. Each one of 12 proteins showed antibody binding at remote positions on the subunit surface, indicating highly extended conformations of the proteins concerned within the 30S ribosomal subunit; the remaining proteins are, however, not necessarily globular in shape (Fig. 1).

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document