scholarly journals Spectral Similarity Metrics for Sound Source Formation Based on the Common Variation Cue

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lagrange ◽  
Martin Raspaud
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Similarity Metrics ◽  
Spectral Similarity ◽  
Common Variation ◽  
The Common

Critical Properties of the Assembly Call of the Common American Crow

Behaviour ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 184-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Thompson ◽  
David B. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
High Rate ◽  
American Crow ◽  
Corvus Brachyrhynchos ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Functional Context ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAccording to tradition, the communication system of the American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos, consists of an assortment of distinct sounds each of which is used in a particular context and has a unique meaning. Despite this traditional view, we have made field observations which suggested that the sounds employed in various different functional contexts overlap considerably. These observations further suggested that each sound does not have a single unique meaning, but that its meaning varies depending upon how it and similar sounds are temporally organized into calling sequences. In order to investigate this idea, a series of experiments were performed in which the temporal properties of natural sounds recorded from crows in the field were changed. These experiments were concerned primarily with the vocalization known as the assembly call. The assembly call consists of series of sounds which are low, harsh, and variable in pitch and timing. Broadcast to crows in the field, recorded assembly calls provoke an aggregation of crows to the sound source about twenty-five percent of the time. The recordings broadcasted were of two sorts: sequences made up by modifying the temporal properties of a natural assembly call and sequences of sounds derived from calls given in other functional contexts which were then rearranged to approximate the temporal properties of an assembly call. These calls were tested on wild crows in the field. A presentation of a call was counted successful if at least one crow approached the sound source on a direct line. Different calls were compared with respect to the proportion of successful presentations. The results show that not all types of crow sounds can be manufactured into effective assembly calls. A high pitched call, even when arranged to approximate the temporal properties of the assembly call does not assemble crows at rates approaching the rate of assembly to natural assembly calls. On the other hand, the results also show that a sound need not be derived from an assembly call in order to be arranged into an effective assembly call. A call recorded in another functional context, but which has a harsh, grainy quality will assemble crows as well as or better than an assembly call if it is presented in the proper temporal arrangement. In fact, the highest rates of success were provoked by a sequence of such sounds having a high rate of emission and organized into short cycles of increasing rate. Such a call is two to four times more effective than a natural assembly call. These results are inconsistent with the traditional view that each particular caw in the repertoire of a crow has a discrete stable meaning. An alternate hypothesis is suggested in which the meaning of a sequence of crow sounds is thought to depend not only on the properties of the caws but upon the temporal properties of the sequence as well.

scholarly journals Sound Source System for Investigating the Auditory Perception of Infrasound Accompanied by Audio Sound

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-874
Author(s):  
Elisa Burke ◽  
Johannes Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Simultaneous Generation ◽  
Monaural Stimulation ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

To gather more basic knowledge about both infrasound-perception mechanisms and the annoyance caused by infrasound, it is important to investigate the influence of the interaction between infrasound and sound at frequencies inside the common audio frequency range (audio sound) on the auditory perception. This paper gives a detailed description of a newly developed sound source system allowing simultaneous monaural stimulation of listeners with infrasound and audio-sound stimuli in psychoacoustic experiments. The sound source system covers a frequency range between 4 Hz and 6000 Hz. It can generate infrasound stimuli and audio-sound stimuli up to at least 123 dB SPL and 80 dB SPL, respectively, with inaudible harmonic distortions. Likewise, during simultaneous generation of high-level infrasound and audio sound, residual unwanted modulation frequencies remain imperceptible, owing to special design features. It can be concluded that the sound source system is suitable for investigating the auditory perception of infrasound accompanied by audio sound.

scholarly journals Yet Another Statistical Analysis of Bob Ross Paintings

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Steven Marcum
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Variation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we analyze a sample of clippings from paintings by the lateartist Bob Ross.Previous work focused on the qualitative themes of his paintings (Hickey,2014); here, we expand on that line of research by considering thecolorspace and luminosity values as our data. Our results demonstrate thesubtle aesthetics of the average Ross painting, the common variation sharedby his paintings, and the structure of the relationships between eachpainting in our sample. We reveal, for the first time, renderings of theaverage paintings and introduce “eigenross” components to identify andevaluate shared variance. Additionally, all data and code are embedded inthis document to encourage future research, and, in the spirit of Bob Ross,to teach others how to do so.

scholarly journals Few-Shot Image and Sentence Matching via Gated Visual-Semantic Embedding

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 8489-8496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Yang Long ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Similarity Metrics ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Semantic Embedding ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sentence Matching

Although image and sentence matching has been widely studied, its intrinsic few-shot problem is commonly ignored, which has become a bottleneck for further performance improvement. In this work, we focus on this challenging problem of few-shot image and sentence matching, and propose a Gated Visual-Semantic Embedding (GVSE) model to deal with it. The model consists of three corporative modules in terms of uncommon VSE, common VSE, and gated metric fusion. The uncommon VSE exploits external auxiliary resources to extract generic features for representing uncommon instances and words in images and sentences, and then integrates them by modeling their semantic relation to obtain global representations for association analysis. To better model other common instances and words in rest content of images and sentences, the common VSE learns their discriminative representations directly from scratch. After obtaining two similarity metrics from the two VSE modules with different advantages, the gated metric fusion module adaptively fuses them by automatically balancing their relative importance. Based on the fused metric, we perform extensive experiments in terms of few-shot and conventional image and sentence matching, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model by achieving the state-of-the-art results on two public benchmark datasets.

Mapping the common variation

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 874-874
Author(s):  
Magdalena Skipper
Keyword(s):  
Common Variation ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals A Common Variation in Deiodinase 1 Gene DIO1 Is Associated with the Relative Levels of Free Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 3075-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Panicker ◽  
Christie Cluett ◽  
Beverley Shields ◽  
Anna Murray ◽  
Kirstie S. Parnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Common Genetic Variation ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Common Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

Abstract Introduction: Genetic factors influence circulating thyroid hormone levels, but the common gene variants involved have not been conclusively identified. The genes encoding the iodothyronine deiodinases are good candidates because they alter the balance of thyroid hormones. We aimed to thoroughly examine the role of common variation across the three deiodinase genes in relation to thyroid hormones. Methods: We used HapMap data to select single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that captured a large proportion of the common genetic variation across the three deiodinase genes. We analyzed these initially in a cohort of 552 people on T4 replacement. Suggestive findings were taken forward into three additional studies in people not on T4 (total n = 2513) and metaanalyzed for confirmation. Results: A SNP in the DIO1 gene, rs2235544, was associated with the free T3 to free T4 ratio with genome-wide levels of significance (P = 3.6 × 10−13). The C-allele of this SNP was associated with increased deiodinase 1 (D1) function with resulting increase in free T3/T4 ratio and free T3 and decrease in free T4 and rT3. There was no effect on serum TSH levels. None of the SNPs in the genes coding for D2 or D3 had any influence on hormone levels. Conclusions: This study provides convincing evidence that common genetic variation in DIO1 alters deiodinase function, resulting in an alteration in the balance of circulating free T3 to free T4. This should prove a valuable tool to assess the relative effects of circulating free T3vs. free T4 on a wide range of biological parameters.

An analysis of spectral similarity measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (29) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Mirko Agarla ◽  
Simone Bianco ◽  
Luigi Celona ◽  
Raimondo Schettini ◽  
Mikhail Tchobanou
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Similarity Metrics ◽  
Spectral Measures ◽  
Spectral Similarity ◽  
Different Color

In this paper we analyze the most used measures for the assessment of spectral similarity of reflectance and radiance signals. First of all we divide them in five groups on the basis of the type of errors they measure. We proceed analyzing their mathematical definition to identify unintended behaviors and types of errors they are blind to. Then exploiting the Munsell atlas we analyze the correlation between metrics in terms of both Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) and Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (SROCC). Finally we analyze the behaviour of the selected metrics with respect to two different color properties: the Chroma and the Lightness computed in the CIE L* a* b* color space. The source code of the spectral measures considered is available at the following link: <ext-link ext-link-type="url" xlink:href="https://celuigi.github.io/spectral-similarity-metrics-comparison/">https://celuigi.github.io/spectral-similarity-metrics-comparison/</ext-link>.

scholarly journals Microsurgical anatomy of the extracranial-extradural origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. E2
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Fine ◽  
Alberto Cardoso ◽  
Albert L. Rhoton
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Common Variation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bone Anomalies

Object The authors describe the microsurgical anatomy of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) with an extradural origin and discuss its importance as a common variation. Methods The microsurgical anatomy of paired PICAs with an extradural origin were examined. Conclusions Five to 20% of PICAs have an extradural origin. In the case described, both PICAs arose extradurally from the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA). Both origins were less than 1 cm proximal to the site at which the VA penetrated the dura and neither PICA gave rise to extradural branches. Extradurally the PICAs coursed parallel to the VA and the C-1 nerve and the three structures penetrated the dura together. Intradurally, the PICAs remained lateral and posterior to the brainstem, whereas, in the common PICA configuration, the first segment of the PICA courses anterior to the medulla. Neither PICA sent branches to the anterior brainstem, which is commonly found in PICAs with an intradural origin. There were no soft-tissue or bone anomalies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document