scholarly journals A Common Variation in Deiodinase 1 Gene DIO1 Is Associated with the Relative Levels of Free Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 3075-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Panicker ◽  
Christie Cluett ◽  
Beverley Shields ◽  
Anna Murray ◽  
Kirstie S. Parnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Common Genetic Variation ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Common Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

Abstract Introduction: Genetic factors influence circulating thyroid hormone levels, but the common gene variants involved have not been conclusively identified. The genes encoding the iodothyronine deiodinases are good candidates because they alter the balance of thyroid hormones. We aimed to thoroughly examine the role of common variation across the three deiodinase genes in relation to thyroid hormones. Methods: We used HapMap data to select single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that captured a large proportion of the common genetic variation across the three deiodinase genes. We analyzed these initially in a cohort of 552 people on T4 replacement. Suggestive findings were taken forward into three additional studies in people not on T4 (total n = 2513) and metaanalyzed for confirmation. Results: A SNP in the DIO1 gene, rs2235544, was associated with the free T3 to free T4 ratio with genome-wide levels of significance (P = 3.6 × 10−13). The C-allele of this SNP was associated with increased deiodinase 1 (D1) function with resulting increase in free T3/T4 ratio and free T3 and decrease in free T4 and rT3. There was no effect on serum TSH levels. None of the SNPs in the genes coding for D2 or D3 had any influence on hormone levels. Conclusions: This study provides convincing evidence that common genetic variation in DIO1 alters deiodinase function, resulting in an alteration in the balance of circulating free T3 to free T4. This should prove a valuable tool to assess the relative effects of circulating free T3vs. free T4 on a wide range of biological parameters.

scholarly journals Rescue pre-operative treatment with Lugol’s solution in uncontrolled Graves’ disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Calissendorff ◽  
Henrik Falhammar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Background Graves’ disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Three therapies have been used for decades: pharmacologic therapy, surgery and radioiodine. In case of adverse events, especially agranulocytosis or hepatotoxicity, pre-treatment with Lugol’s solution containing iodine/potassium iodide to induce euthyroidism before surgery could be advocated, but this has rarely been reported. Methods All patients hospitalised due to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism at the Karolinska University Hospital 2005–2015 and treated with Lugol’s solution were included. All electronic files were carefully reviewed manually, with focus on the cause of treatment and admission, demographic data, and effects of iodine on thyroid hormone levels and pulse frequency. Results Twenty-seven patients were included. Lugol’s solution had been chosen due to agranulocytosis in 9 (33%), hepatotoxicity in 2 (7%), other side effects in 11 (41%) and poor adherence to medication in 5 (19%). Levels of free T4, free T3 and heart rate decreased significantly after 5–9 days of iodine therapy (free T4 53–20 pmol/L, P = 0.0002; free T3 20–6.5 pmol/L, P = 0.04; heart rate 87–76 beats/min P = 0.0007), whereas TSH remained unchanged. Side effects were noted in 4 (15%) (rash n = 2, rash and vomiting n = 1, swelling of fingers n = 1). Thyroidectomy was performed in 26 patients (96%) and one was treated with radioiodine; all treatments were without serious complications. Conclusion Treatment of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism with Lugol’s solution before definitive treatment is safe and it decreases thyroid hormone levels and heart rate. Side effects were limited. Lugol’s solution could be recommended pre-operatively in Graves’ disease with failed medical treatment, especially if side effects to anti-thyroid drugs have occurred.

scholarly journals Cold Exposure Distinctively Modulates Parathyroid and Thyroid Hormones in Cold-Acclimatized and Non-Acclimatized Humans

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kovaničová ◽  
Tímea Kurdiová ◽  
Miroslav Baláž ◽  
Patrik Štefanička ◽  
Lukáš Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Cold-induced activation of thermogenesis modulates energy metabolism, but the role of humoral mediators is not completely understood. We aimed to investigate the role of parathyroid and thyroid hormones in acute and adaptive response to cold in humans. Examinations were performed before/after 15 minutes of ice-water swimming (n = 15) or 120 to 150 minutes of cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) applied to cold-acclimatized (n = 6) or non-acclimatized (n = 11) individuals. Deep-neck brown adipose tissue (BAT) was collected from non-acclimatized patients undergoing elective neck surgery (n = 36). Seasonal variations in metabolic/hormonal parameters of ice-water swimmers were evaluated. We found that in ice-water swimmers, PTH and TSH increased and free T3, T4 decreased after a 15-minute winter swim, whereas NST-inducing cold exposure failed to regulate PTH and free T4 and lowered TSH and free T3. Ice-water swimming-induced increase in PTH correlated negatively with systemic calcium and positively with phosphorus. In non-acclimatized men, NST-inducing cold decreased PTH and TSH. Positive correlation between systemic levels of PTH and whole-body metabolic preference for lipids as well as BAT volume was found across the 2 populations. Moreover, NST-cooling protocol-induced changes in metabolic preference for lipids correlated positively with changes in PTH. Finally, variability in circulating PTH correlated positively with UCP1/UCP1, PPARGC1A, and DIO2 in BAT from neck surgery patients. Our data suggest that regulation of PTH and thyroid hormones during cold exposure in humans varies by cold acclimatization level and/or cold stimulus intensity. Possible role of PTH in NST is indicated by its positive relationships with whole-body metabolic preference for lipids, BAT volume, and UCP1 content.

scholarly journals Thyroid Autoantibodies Are Rare in Nonhuman Great Apes and Hypothyroidism Cannot Be Attributed to Thyroid Autoimmunity

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 4896-4907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Aliesky ◽  
Cynthia L. Courtney ◽  
Basil Rapoport ◽  
Sandra M. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The great apes include, in addition to Homo, the genera Pongo (orangutans), Gorilla (gorillas), and Pan, the latter comprising two species, P. troglodytes (chimpanzees) and P. paniscus (bonobos). Adult-onset hypothyroidism was previously reported in 4 individual nonhuman great apes. However, there is scarce information on normal serum thyroid hormone levels and virtually no data for thyroid autoantibodies in these animals. Therefore, we examined thyroid hormone levels and TSH in all nonhuman great ape genera including adults, adolescents, and infants. Because hypothyroidism in humans is commonly the end result of thyroid autoimmunity, we also tested healthy and hypothyroid nonhuman great apes for antibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and the TSH receptor (TSHR). We established a thyroid hormone and TSH database in orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos (447 individuals). The most striking differences are the greatly reduced free-T4 and free-T3 levels in orangutans and gorillas vs chimpanzees and bonobos, and conversely, elevated TSH levels in gorillas vs Pan species. Antibodies to Tg and TPO were detected in only 2.6% of adult animals vs approximately 10% in humans. No animals with Tg, TPO, or TSHR antibodies exhibited thyroid dysfunction. Conversely, hypothyroid nonhuman great apes lacked thyroid autoantibodies. Moreover, thyroid histology in necropsy tissues was similar in euthyroid and hypothyroid individuals, and lymphocytic infiltration was absent in 2 hypothyroid animals. In conclusion, free T4 and free T3 are lower in orangutans and gorillas vs chimpanzees and bonobos, the closest living human relatives. Moreover, thyroid autoantibodies are rare and hypothyroidism is unrelated to thyroid autoimmunity in nonhuman great apes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antithyroid Drug Pretreatment on Acute Changes in Thyroid Hormone Levels after 131I Ablation for Graves’ Disease1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 3016-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Burch ◽  
B. L. Solomon ◽  
D. S. Cooper ◽  
P. Ferguson ◽  
N. Walpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Acute Changes

Acute changes in thyroid hormone levels before and after radioiodine therapy for Graves’ disease were compared in 42 patients randomized to receive either antithyroid drug pretreatment or no pretreatment. Five patients (11.9%), including 3 in the pretreatment arm and 2 in the no pretreatment arm experienced a late exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis after radioiodine therapy. The majority (19 of 21, 90.5%) of pretreated patients experienced a transient increase in free T4 and free T3 after discontinuation of antithyroid drugs, with little further elevation after radioiodine therapy. After stopping antithyroid drugs and before radioiodine administration, mean serum free T4 values rose from 14.7 ± 6.9 to 21.6 ± 12.1 pmol/L, representing a 46.9% increase, whereas serum free T3 levels rose from 4.9± 1.7 to 8.1 ± 6.3 pmol/L, representing a 65.3% increase. The average pretreated patient experienced a 52.4% increase [95% confidence interval (CI), +26.4% to +78.5%] in free T4 and a 61.8% increase (95% CI, +23.5% to +100.0%) in free T3. Conversely, the majority (19 of 21, 90.5%) of nonpretreated patients experienced a rapid decline in thyroid hormone levels after radioiodine treatment. Over the 14 days after radioiodine therapy mean free T4 values in nonpretreated patients fell from 85.8 ± 60.4 to 58.0 ± 76.5 pmol/L, representing a 32.4% decrease, whereas mean free T3 levels fell from 16.1 ± 8.0 to 10.8 ± 11.1 pmol/L, representing a 32.9% decrease. The average nonpretreated patient experienced a 20.6% decrease (95% CI, −47.3% to +7.0%) in free T4 and a 24.3% decrease (95% CI, −1.2% to −47.4%) in free T3 during this time period. Excluding 2 patients with a late exacerbation after radioiodine, 19 nonpretreated patients experienced a decrease in mean free T4 values from 76.8 ± 46.6 to 36.6 ± 19.8 pmol/L, representing a 52.3% decrease, whereas mean free T3 levels fell from 15.5 ± 7.7 to 7.8 ± 3.6 pmol/L, representing a 49.7% decrease. The average decrease in free T4 levels among this subgroup of patients was 30.1% (95% CI, −4.6% to −55.6%), whereas the average decrease in free T3 was 34.4% (95% CI, −13.7% to −55.1%). High levels of TSH receptor autoantibodies at diagnosis were associated with an acute worsening of thyrotoxicosis after stopping antithyroid drug pretreatment. We conclude that pretreatment with antithyroid drugs does not protect against worsening thyrotoxicosis after radioiodine, but may allow such patients to start from a lower baseline level should an aggravation in thyrotoxicosis occur. The findings support the recommendation that most patients with Graves’ disease do not require antithyroid drug pretreatment before receiving radioiodine.

Effect of Sodium Ethylmercurithiosalicylate (Thimerosal) on Serum Binding of Thyroid Hormones

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Bellabarba ◽  
Raymonde Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Serum Binding Protein ◽  
Barbital Buffer

Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate (Thimerosal, Merthiolate) has been found to interfere with the binding of thyroid hormones to serum proteins. Dialysis studies showed that this compound, added to serum in concentrations varying from 90 to 360 mg/100 ml, caused an increase of the dialyzable or free fraction of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The increase was higher for the free T4 (3.8- to 18-fold) than for the free T3 fraction (2.3- to 5-fold). Electrophoretic studies on the distribution of tracer amounts of labeled T4 among the serum binding proteins revealed that the inhibitory effect of sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate was exerted mainly on thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). In presence of this compound (180 mg/100 ml of serum) the percentage of tracer T4 bound to TBG was reduced from 53% to 9%. These findings were also confirmed by examining the binding of tracer amounts of labeled T4 and T3 in a serum diluted in barbital buffer, which inhibits the hormonal binding to thyroxine binding prealbumin and albumin. In presence of sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate a significant displacement of both T4 and T3 from the serum binding protein (TBG) was observed.

scholarly journals Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Thyroid Function in Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Apulian Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3173
Author(s):  
Roberta Zupo ◽  
Fabio Castellana ◽  
Francesco Panza ◽  
Luisa Lampignano ◽  
Isanna Murro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

Much research suggests that Mediterranean eating habits and lifestyle contribute to counteract the risk of chronic diseases while promoting longevity, but little information is available on the effects of the Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) on thyroid function, particularly among overweight/obese subjects. Nevertheless, consistent data reported a slight increase in serum levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a higher rate of conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in obesity. This cross-sectional study was aimed at investigating the relationship between adherence to the Med-Diet and circulating thyroid hormones in a cohort of overweight/obese subjects from Apulia (Southern Italy). Methods: We studied 324 consecutive outpatient subjects (228 women and 96 men, age range 14–72 years) taking no drug therapy and showing normal levels of thyroid hormones, but complicated by overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2). The PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) questionnaire was cross-sectionally administered to assess the adherence to the Med-Diet, and hormonal, metabolic, and routine laboratory parameters were collected. Results: Higher adherence to Med-Diet was found to be inversely related to free T3 (p < 0.01) and T4 (p < 0.01) serum levels. Considering each item in the PREDIMED questionnaire, people consuming at least four spoonfuls of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) per day, as well as those consuming at least two servings of vegetables per day, had lower free T3 levels (p 0.033 and p 0.021, respectively). Furthermore, consuming at least four spoonfuls of EVOO per day was found to be associated to lower free T4 serum concentrations (p 0.011). Multinomial logistic regression models, performed on tertiles of thyroid hormones to further investigate the relationship with Med-Diet, corroborated the significance only for free T4. Conclusion: Increased adherence to the Med-Diet was independently associated to a slightly reduced thyroid function, but still within the reference range for free T3 and T4 serum levels. This first finding in this field opens up a research line on any underlying biological interplay.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fetal Thyroid Levels at Delivery among Appalachian Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3056
Author(s):  
Madison N. Crank ◽  
Jesse N. Cottrell ◽  
Brenda L. Mitchell ◽  
Monica A. Valentovic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Thyroid disorders are a frequently encountered issue during pregnancy and a cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. In regions like Appalachia that are particularly susceptible to health disparities, descriptive studies are needed to assist in identifying pathologic derangements. We sought to characterize fetal thyroid hormone levels at delivery and investigate whether or not maternal demographic characteristics affect the prevalence of neonatal thyroid disease. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 130 pregnant women recruited from the Tri-State region, incorporating areas of Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia. Total triiodothyronine (T3) (p = 0.4799), free T3 (p = 0.6323), T3 uptake (p = 0.0926), total thyroxine (T4) (p = 0.8316), free T4 (p = 0.0566), and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (p = 0.8745) levels were comparable between urban and rural newborns. We found no effect of hypertension status or nicotine levels on fetal umbilical cord thyroid hormone levels. Maternal diabetic status was associated with lower T4 (p = 0.0099) and free T4 (p = 0.0025) levels. Cotinine affected levels of T4 (p = 0.0339). In regard to maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), there was an increase in total T3 as BMI increased (p = 0.0367) and no significant difference in free T3, T3 uptake, T4, free T4, or TSH. There was a negative correlation between TSH and 1 min Apgar scores (p = 0.0058). Lead and cadmium have been implicated to alter TSH levels, but no correlation was found in our study (r2 = 0.0277). There were no differences in cord blood between urban (37.3 ± 10.3 fmol/ug DNA) and rural (70.5 ± 26.8 fmol/ug DNA) benzo(a)pyrene DNA adducts (p = 0.174). Thyroid disorders present a unique opportunity for the prevention of perinatal morbidity and mortality, since maternal treatment, as well as maternal demographic characteristics, can have direct fetal effects.

scholarly journals THYROID STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Zhanar Nurgaliyeva Zhanar Nurgaliyeva ◽  
Araily Manasbaeva Araily Manasbaeva ◽  
Sakhipzhamal Sabirova Sakhipzhamal Sabirova ◽  
Saiyara Nadyrova Saiyara Nadyrova ◽  
Alfira Muratkhan Alfira Muratkhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The mutually aggravating effect of comorbid diseases of diabetes mellitus (DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is of scientific interest to researchers. Timely assessment of the thyroid status in children with DM and correction of thyroid pathology (TP) will improve metabolic control in these patients. Аmong 972 children with DM, 478 (49.2%) were assessed for thyroid status. It is noted that every year the determination of thyroid hormone levels in children increased from 7.6% (in 2014) to 92.1% (in 2019). Among 478 examined children, 319 (66.7%) had significantly revealed thyroid dysfunction. In the structure of thyroid pathologies, the frequency of hypothyroidism was 12.5% (in 11.3% - subclinical form), hyperthyroidism - 4%. functional changes in the concentration of thyroid hormones as Euthyroid sick syndrome were observed in 23.8%. The most common type of dysfunction was an isolated increase in free T3 (isolated T3 toxicosis) – in 43.3% of cases. In 2 cases out of 18 (0.6%), a complete picture of AIT was presented, and in the remaining 16 (5.1%), signs of AIT were observed only on ultrasound of the thyroid gland, and were not confirmed by the concentrations of anti-TPO Ab, anti-TG Ab. In 47 (14.7%) children, laboratory data on thyroid hormone levels showed elevated values of TSH, free T3, free T4. Keywords: children, diabetes mellitus, thyroid status, autoimmune thyroiditis

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document