A Non-Linear/Linear Instruction Set Extension for Lightweight Ciphers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Engels ◽  
E. B. Kavun ◽  
C. Paar ◽  
T. Yalcin ◽  
H. Mihajloska
Keyword(s):  
Instruction Set ◽  
Instruction Set Extension ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Instruction

An exploration of mechanisms for dynamic cryptographic instruction set extension

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grabher ◽  
J. Großschädl ◽  
S. Hoerder ◽  
K. Järvinen ◽  
D. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Instruction Set ◽  
Instruction Set Extension

scholarly journals GNSS-ISE: Instruction Set Extension for GNSS Baseband Processing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Marcinek ◽  
Witold A. Pleskacz
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Microprocessor System ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Instruction Set Extension ◽  
Baseband Processing ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

This work presents the results of research toward designing an instruction set extension dedicated to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) baseband processing. The paper describes the state-of-the-art techniques of GNSS receiver implementation. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Against this background, a new versatile instruction set extension for GNSS baseband processing is presented. The authors introduce improved mechanisms for instruction set generation focused on multi-channel processing. The analytical approach used by the authors leads to the introduction of a GNSS-instruction set extension (ISE) for GNSS baseband processing. The developed GNSS-ISE is simulated extensively using PC software and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) emulation. Finally, the developed GNSS-ISE is incorporated into the first-in-the-world, according to the authors’ best knowledge, integrated, multi-frequency, and multi-constellation microcontroller with embedded flash memory. Additionally, this microcontroller may serve as an application processor, which is a unique feature. The presented results show the feasibility of implementing the GNSS-ISE into an embedded microprocessor system and its capability of performing baseband processing. The developed GNSS-ISE can be implemented in a wide range of applications including smart IoT (internet of things) devices or remote sensors, fostering the adaptation of multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSS receivers to the low-cost consumer mass-market.

Lightweight Cryptographic Instruction Set Extension on Xtensa Processor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel H. Eisenkraemer ◽  
Fernando G. Moraes ◽  
Leonardo L. de Oliveira ◽  
Everton Carara
Keyword(s):  
Instruction Set ◽  
Instruction Set Extension

scholarly journals Hardware Acceleration for RLNC: A Case Study Based on the Xtensa Processor with the Tensilica Instruction-Set Extension

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Acevedo ◽  
Robert Scheffel ◽  
Simon Wunderlich ◽  
Mattis Hasler ◽  
Sreekrishna Pandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
Code Word ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Galois Fields ◽  
Linear Network Coding ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Instruction Set Extension ◽  
Energy Constrained

Random linear network coding (RLNC) can greatly aid data transmission in lossy wireless networks. However, RLNC requires computationally complex matrix multiplications and inversions in finite fields (Galois fields). These computations are highly demanding for energy-constrained mobile devices. The presented case study evaluates hardware acceleration strategies for RLNC in the context of the Tensilica Xtensa LX5 processor with the tensilica instruction set extension (TIE). More specifically, we develop TIEs for multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations for accelerating matrix multiplications in Galois fields, single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions operating on consecutive memory locations, as well as the flexible-length instruction extension (FLIX). We evaluate the number of clock cycles required for RLNC encoding and decoding without and with the MAC, SIMD, and FLIX acceleration strategies. We also evaluate the RLNC encoding and decoding throughput and energy consumption for a range of RLNC generation and code word sizes. We find that for GF ( 2 8 ) and GF ( 2 16 ) RLNC encoding, the SIMD and FLIX acceleration strategies achieve speedups of approximately four hundred fold compared to a benchmark C code implementation without TIE. We also find that the unicore Xtensa LX5 with SIMD has seven to thirty times higher RLNC encoding and decoding throughput than the state-of-the-art ODROID XU3 system-on-a-chip (SoC) operating with a single core; the Xtensa LX5 with FLIX, in turn, increases the throughput by roughly 25% compared to utilizing only SIMD. Furthermore, the Xtensa LX5 with FLIX consumes roughly four orders of magnitude less energy than the ODROID XU3 SoC.

Integrating Constructionism and Instructionism in Educational Hypermedia Programs

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Shabo
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Learning Path ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linear Instruction ◽  
Educational Hypermedia

In many educational hypermedia programs, the original meaning of hypertext influenced the entire pedagogical approach underlying the programs. This meant that learners were free to navigate, construct, and choose their learning path. In addition, no learning objectives were mandatory, and the processes of hypertext navigation and artifact constructions were emphasized. The problem of this trend was that learners received little feedback to guide them on how to use the non-linear structure, and not all could acquire important skills and knowledge of the subject matter. This article deals with an attempt to integrate linear instruction elements into hypermedia programs in order for learners to benefit from the advantages of both approaches. It offers feedback as a connecting unit in such an integration and suggests a model of feedback that fades in and out, based on the fading-out model of scaffolding traditionally used in the apprenticeship approach. A few projects are described to illustrate these ideas.

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