Determination of Gender from Pelvic Bones and Patella in Forensic Anthropology: A Comparison of Classification Techniques

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis Afrianty ◽  
Dewi Nasien ◽  
Mohammed R.A. Kadir ◽  
Habibollah Haron
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Pelvic Bones

scholarly journals Determination of Transformers’ Insulating Paper State Based on Classification Techniques

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif S. M. Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Insulating Oil ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The continuity of transformer operation is very necessary for utilities to maintain a continuity of power flow in networks and achieve a desired revenue. Most failures in a transformer are due to the degradation of the insulating system, which consists of insulating oil and paper. The degree of polymerization (DP) is a key detector of insulating paper state. Most research in the literature has computed the DP as a function of furan compounds, especially 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). In this research, a prediction model was constructed based on some of most periodical tests that were conducted on transformer insulating oil, which were used as predictors of the insulating paper state. The tests evaluated carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), breakdown voltage (VBD), interfacial tension (IF), acidity (ACY), moisture (M), oil color (OC), and 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). The DP, which was used as the key indicator for the paper state, was categorized into five classes labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 to express the insulating paper normal aging rate, accelerating aging rate, excessive aging danger zone, high risk of failure, and the end of expected life, respectively. The classification techniques were applied to the collected data samples to construct a prediction model for the insulating paper state, and the results revealed that the fine tree was the best classifier of the data samples, with a 96.2% prediction accuracy.

scholarly journals The Difficulty of Sexing Skeletons from Unknown Populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Sierp ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Biological Anthropology ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Forensic Setting

Determination of sex from skeletal remains is performed using a number of methods developed by biological anthropology. They must be evaluated for consistency and for their performance in a forensic setting. Twenty skeletons of varied provenance had their sex determined by 15 existing methods of forensic anthropology (7 metric and 8 morphological). The methods were evaluated for their consistency in determination of sex. No single individual was identified as belonging to one sex exclusively. Ambiguous results were obtained by metric methods for fourteen individuals (70%) and by morphological methods for only five individuals (25%) (Chi-squared = 4.3, df = 1, P<0.05). Methods which use the size of bones as an indicator of sex perform poorly on skeletal remains of individuals of unknown provenance. Methods which combine morphologic and metric techniques, that is, geometric morphometric analysis, may result in greater levels of consistency.

scholarly journals Can ancestry be consistently determined from the skeleton?

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Sierp ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Biological Anthropology ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Abstract Although the concept of race has been thoroughly criticised in biological anthropology, forensic anthropology still uses a number of methods to determine the ‘race’ of a skeleton. The methods must be evaluated to see how effective they are given large individual variation. This study used 20 cases of skeletons of varied provenance to test whether the nine published methods of ‘race’ determination, using a range of various approaches, were able to consistently identify the ethnic origin. No one individual was identified as belonging to just one ‘major racial class’, e.g. European, meaning that complete consistency across all nine methods was not observed. In 14 cases (70%), various methods identified the same individual as belonging to all three racial classes. This suggests that the existing methods for the determination of ‘race’ are compromised. The very concept of ‘race’ is inapplicable to variation that occurs between populations only in small ways and the methods are limited by the geographic population from which their discriminant functions or observations of morphological traits were derived. Methods of multivariate linear discriminant analysis, e.g. CRANID, are supposed to allocate an individual skull to a specific population rather than a ‘major race’. In our analysis CRANID did not produce convincing allocations of individual skeletons to specific populations. The findings of this study show that great caution must be taken when attempting to ascertain the ‘race’ of a skeleton, as the outcome is not only dependent on which skeletal sites are available for assessment, but also the degree to which the unknown skeleton’s population of origin has been investigated.

scholarly journals A Study for Determination of Sex by Multidetector Computed Tomography of Sternum using Discriminant Function and Logistic Regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 1444-1453
Author(s):  
Soumeek Chowdhuri ◽  
Priyam Roy ◽  
Arkadeep Dey ◽  
Saikat Das ◽  
Ritwik Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Gender Based

Post-mortem investigations of skeletal remains as well as radiographs from living individuals provide useful information for the discrimination of sex. Our study aimed to find out a mathematical model to differentiate gender based on greater degree of accuracy than the anthropological measures taken from the sternum obtained from cadaver dissection. The study was performed on 108 adults who were brought for examination of chest due to various medical reasons. Their age ranged between 18 and 80 years. The cases were selected randomly after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sternal measurements were taken by studying CT (Computed Tomography) scans. Of these cases, 73 were males and 35 were females. The discriminant function equation (Df) = 0.071 Manubrial Length +0.075 Manubrio-Sternal Length +0.036 Width at S1 +0.037 Width at S3 -11.367 (Constant). Overall 80.6% of the sample was correctly classified into their group. This study revealed that measurements from CT scan of sternum can be used to differentiate between sex of individuals which adds to a great advantage in forensic anthropology.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of greater sciatic notch and its correlation to sexual dimorphisim in adult pelvic bones

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2213-2217
Author(s):  
Kalyan Ram ◽  
Sankaran PK ◽  
Yuvaraj Maria Francis ◽  
Gunapriya Raghunath ◽  
Kumaresan M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Posterior Angle ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Sciatic Notch

To identify the sex determination of an unknown person from the skeleton remains the first and primary important step come across by the anatomical, forensic and archaeological experts. Many researchers have considered various parameters for sex determination using hip bone. The current study was carried out to identify the sex of hip bone using various dimensions of the greater sciatic notch. Adult hip bones of a known person were studied and evaluated. The hip bones were assessed using various parameters. The posterior segment, posterior angle and index II of a hip bone were found to be more helpful in sex determination.

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