scholarly journals Determination of Transformers’ Insulating Paper State Based on Classification Techniques

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif S. M. Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Insulating Oil ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The continuity of transformer operation is very necessary for utilities to maintain a continuity of power flow in networks and achieve a desired revenue. Most failures in a transformer are due to the degradation of the insulating system, which consists of insulating oil and paper. The degree of polymerization (DP) is a key detector of insulating paper state. Most research in the literature has computed the DP as a function of furan compounds, especially 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). In this research, a prediction model was constructed based on some of most periodical tests that were conducted on transformer insulating oil, which were used as predictors of the insulating paper state. The tests evaluated carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), breakdown voltage (VBD), interfacial tension (IF), acidity (ACY), moisture (M), oil color (OC), and 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). The DP, which was used as the key indicator for the paper state, was categorized into five classes labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 to express the insulating paper normal aging rate, accelerating aging rate, excessive aging danger zone, high risk of failure, and the end of expected life, respectively. The classification techniques were applied to the collected data samples to construct a prediction model for the insulating paper state, and the results revealed that the fine tree was the best classifier of the data samples, with a 96.2% prediction accuracy.

Determination of degree of polymerization of insulating paper using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmilson Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Andréa Monteiro Santana Silva ◽  
Wallace Duarte Fragoso ◽  
Celio Pasquini ◽  
Maria Fernanda Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Insulating Paper

scholarly journals Transformer lifetime management by analyzing the content of furan and gas dissolved in oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Irina Alina Chera Anghel ◽  
Elena Gatman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Insulating Oil ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
Transformer Insulation ◽  
Cellulose Insulation

In order to see the transformer insulation status, the temperature profile, the degree of polymerization (DP), the furan compound content, the carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide concentration are monitored. By evaluating the degree of polymerization (DP) of the cellulose paper insulation and furans in the determination of the insulating oil, it can estimate the lifetime of the transformer. Analysis of cellulose insulation paper to see the degree of polymerization (DP) can be performed safely only when the transformer is interrupted. However, being a non-invasive test, determination of furane content in an oil-insulating oil is often used as an alternative method for measuring the DP average of insulation paper. In order to analyze the technical condition of a transformer, furan content in oil should be used and interpreted as a primary chemical indicator in conjunction with the results of carbon oxide from the dissolved gas analysis, the acidity and moisture results from the chemical tests, the methanol content from the chromatographic tests and other monitoring techniques.

Studies on the Behavior Some Paints in Electro-insulating Fluid Based on Vegetable Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Iosif Lingvay ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Livia Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Valerica Stanoi ◽  
Traian Rus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Natural Ester

For the purpose of using three different types of painting materials for the inner protection of the transformer vats, their behavior was studied under actual conditions of operation in the transformer (thermal stress in electro-insulating fluid based on the natural ester in contact with copper for electro-technical use and electro-insulating paper). By comparing determination of the content in furans products (HPLC technique) and gases formed (by gas-chromatography) in the electro-insulating fluid (natural ester with high oleic content) thermally aged at 130 �C to 1000 hours in closed glass vessels, it have been found that the presence the investigated painting materials lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the thermo-oxidation processes. These changes are supported by oxygen dissolved in oil, what leads to decrease both to gases formation CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6) and furans products (5-HMF, 2-FOL, 2 -FAL and 2-ACF). The painting materials investigated during the heat treatment applied did not suffer any remarkable structural changes affecting their functionality in the electro-insulating fluid based on vegetable esters.

scholarly journals Interaction Boundary Determination of Renewable Energy Sources to Estimate System Strength Using the Power Flow Tracing Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Namki Choi ◽  
Byongjun Lee ◽  
Dohyuk Kim ◽  
Suchul Nam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Boundary Determination ◽  
Actual Interaction ◽  
Power Flow Tracing ◽  
Estimate System

System strength is an important concept in the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, evaluating system strength is becoming more ambiguous due to the interaction of RESs. This paper proposes a novel scheme to define the actual interaction boundaries of RESs using the power flow tracing strategy. Based on the proposed method, the interaction boundaries of RESs were identified at the southwest side of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) systems. The test results show that the proposed approach always provides the identical interaction boundaries of RESs in KEPCO systems, compared to the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) method. The consistent boundaries could be a guideline for power-system planners to assess more accurate system strength, considering the actual interactions of the RESs.

Oxidation Kinetics of Hazelnut Shelf-Life Prediction Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Wen Li Dong ◽  
Xue Gong ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Yu Xiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Shelf Life Prediction ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Life Prediction Model

The changing patterns of filbert peroxide value through the determination of different storage temperature conditions,research the dynamics characteristics of oxidative rancidity of filbert. By regression analysis base on the storage time and the logarithm of peroxide value,it concluded the grease oxidation reaction first-order kinetic equation of filbert.Using Arrhenius equation and Q10 model for 5 ~ 35 °C temperature within the shelf life of any temperature prediction model.

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