scholarly journals Comparative measurement of Rayleigh scattering in single-mode optical fibers based on an OTDR technique

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Fermann ◽  
S.B. Poole ◽  
D.N. Payne ◽  
F. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Comparative Measurement

scholarly journals Gamma irradiation effect on Rayleigh scattering in low water peak single-mode optical fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 23271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiang Wen ◽  
Gang-Ding Peng ◽  
Wenyun Luo ◽  
Zhongyin Xiao ◽  
Zhenyi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Irradiation Effect

Design Considerations in Reduced-Diameter Single-Mode Optical Fibers

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson K. Chiu ◽  
Gregory H. Ames ◽  
Marilyn J. Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Design Considerations

scholarly journals Sensing, Actuation, and Control of the SmartX Prototype Morphing Wing in the Wind Tunnel

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Nakash Nazeer ◽  
Xuerui Wang ◽  
Roger M. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Actuator Dynamics

This paper presents a study on trailing edge deflection estimation for the SmartX camber morphing wing demonstrator. This demonstrator integrates the technologies of smart sensing, smart actuation and smart controls using a six module distributed morphing concept. The morphing sequence is brought about by two actuators present at both ends of each of the morphing modules. The deflection estimation is carried out by interrogating optical fibers that are bonded on to the wing’s inner surface. A novel application is demonstrated using this method that utilizes the least amount of sensors for load monitoring purposes. The fiber optic sensor data is used to measure the deflections of the modules in the wind tunnel using a multi-modal fiber optic sensing approach and is compared to the deflections estimated by the actuators. Each module is probed by single-mode optical fibers that contain just four grating sensors and consider both bending and torsional deformations. The fiber optic method in this work combines the principles of hybrid interferometry and FBG spectral sensing. The analysis involves an initial calibration procedure outside the wind tunnel followed by experimental testing in the wind tunnel. This method is shown to experimentally achieve an accuracy of 2.8 mm deflection with an error of 9%. The error sources, including actuator dynamics, random errors, and nonlinear mechanical backlash, are identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Distributed Static and Dynamic Strain Measurements in Polymer Optical Fibers by Rayleigh Scattering

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5049
Author(s):  
Agnese Coscetta ◽  
Ester Catalano ◽  
Enis Cerri ◽  
Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Lucia Bilro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Optical Time ◽  
Polymer Optical Fibers

We demonstrate the use of a graded-index perfluorinated optical fiber (GI-POF) for distributed static and dynamic strain measurements based on Rayleigh scattering. The system is based on an amplitude-based phase-sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (ϕ-OTDR) configuration, operated at the unconventional wavelength of 850 nm. Static strain measurements have been carried out at a spatial resolution of 4 m and for a strain up to 3.5% by exploiting the increase of the backscatter Rayleigh coefficient consequent to the application of a tensile strain, while vibration/acoustic measurements have been demonstrated for a sampling frequency up to 833 Hz by exploiting the vibration-induced changes in the backscatter Rayleigh intensity time-domain traces arising from coherent interference within the pulse. The reported tests demonstrate that polymer optical fibers can be used for cost-effective multiparameter sensing.

scholarly journals Design and analysis of a fiber-optic sensing system for shape reconstruction of a minimally invasive surgical needle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizhan Issatayeva ◽  
Aida Amantayeva ◽  
Wilfried Blanc ◽  
Daniele Tosi ◽  
Carlo Molardi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Shape Reconstruction ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Doped Fibers ◽  
Distributed Measurement

AbstractThis paper presents the performance analysis of the system for real-time reconstruction of the shape of the rigid medical needle used for minimally invasive surgeries. The system is based on four optical fibers glued along the needle at 90 degrees from each other to measure distributed strain along the needle from four different sides. The distributed measurement is achieved by the interrogator which detects the light scattered from each section of the fiber connected to it and calculates the strain exposed to the fiber from the spectral shift of that backscattered light. This working principle has a limitation of discriminating only a single fiber because of the overlap of backscattering light from several fibers. In order to use four sensing fibers, the Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) methodology is applied. SLMux is based on fibers with different scattering levels: standard single-mode fibers (SMF) and MgO-nanoparticles doped fibers with a 35–40 dB higher scattering power. Doped fibers are used as sensing fibers and SMFs are used to spatially separate one sensing fiber from another by selecting appropriate lengths of SMFs. The system with four fibers allows obtaining two pairs of opposite fibers used to reconstruct the needle shape along two perpendicular axes. The performance analysis is conducted by moving the needle tip from 0 to 1 cm by 0.1 cm to four main directions (corresponding to the locations of fibers) and to four intermediate directions (between neighboring fibers). The system accuracy for small bending (0.1–0.5 cm) is 90$$\%$$ % and for large bending (0.6–1 cm) is approximately 92$$\%$$ % .

Dispersion properties of single-mode optical fibers in telecommunication region: poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) versus silica

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Pakarzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Rezaei ◽  
Mostafa Taghizadeh ◽  
Forough Bozorgzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Dispersion Wavelength ◽  
Zero Dispersion Wavelength

AbstractIn this paper, the dispersion characteristics of two standard single-mode optical fibers (SMFs), fabricated with silica and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are studied in telecommunication spectral regions. The effect of structural parameters, such as the radius of the fiber core and the relative core-cladding index difference, is numerically investigated. It is found that over whole spectral range, the PMMA-based SMF shows lower dispersion than the silica SMF. Also, the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of PMMA-based SMF is longer than that of silica fiber. The results may be of practical importance for the telecommunication applications.

SBS gain suppression in ordinary single-mode optical fibers with improved multimode acoustic design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Tsvetkov ◽  
M.M. Khudyakov ◽  
A.S. Lobanov ◽  
D.S. Lipatov ◽  
M.M. Bubnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Acoustic Design
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