China will not shake reliance on imported food

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Imported Food

Significance Chinese governments have long placed a high premium on achieving food security by relying on the country’s own resources. However, demand and supply side pressures from rising incomes, urbanisation, resource shortages and environmental constraints present formidable challenges. Impacts Food security concerns and tightening corn supplies will likely encroach on China’s bio-ethanol production, at least in the short term. Growing affluence will make livestock and meat the fastest-growing branches of agriculture. Recovery from the African swine fever epidemic will not return pork production to its previous peak level until around 2025. In the interim, consumers will seek alternative meat sources, such as sheep meat, beef and, most importantly, poultry. China will continue to rely heavily on imports of sugar, beef, sheep meat and milk products.

China prioritises food security amid COVID-19 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Spring Planting

Subject The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on food and agriculture in China. Significance Transport bottlenecks and restrictions have interrupted supplies of feed to pig and poultry farmers. As spring planting approaches, crop farmers depend on the delivery of farm inputs to maintain yields and guarantee future supplies of rice, wheat, corn and other grains. Impacts Bankruptcies among small and medium-sized poultry farms may hasten efficiency-enhancing consolidation of the industry. Social distancing requirements will boost mechanised and high-tech farming, supported by government subsidies. Tight meat supplies are likely to persist, at least in the short term.

Chinese demand will drive Brazil beef price rises

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Beef Prices ◽  
Exchange Rate Depreciation

Significance From late October to late November 2019, beef prices in Brazil increased, on average, by 35%, with the price of fattened cattle reaching over 230 reais (approximately 55 dollars) per 15 kilograms at the peak. Much of the sharp increase was due to rising Chinese demand for Brazilian beef after an African swine fever epidemic reduced Chinese pork production by over 30%. Exchange rate depreciation, domestic consumption and supply constraints have also contributed to lift domestic prices. Impacts Chinese efforts to reduce prices may hit beef exporters who have invested in infrastructure to meet Chinese demand. There is no risk of a beef shortage in Brazil, but prices are likely to remain high at least temporarily. Consumer shifts to alternative meats could also boost a range of food prices, hitting purchasing power.

Digital technologies (DT) adoption in agri-food supply chains amidst COVID-19: an approach towards food security concerns in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Joshi ◽  
Manu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi ◽  
Security Concerns

Purpose This study aims to explore the critical factors for digital technologies (DT) adoption to develop a sustainable agri-food supply chain (AFSC). As the developing countries are struggling to survive during COVID-19, DT adoption in AFSC can bring resilience and minimizes the food security concerns. Design/methodology/approach The study has used Fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methods for identifying the critical success factors (CSFs) for DT adoption and inter-relationship among them to explore the crucial factors for food security across AFSC. Findings The research reveals that “Digital Technologies, Logistics and infrastructure” is the most crucial CSF for managing food security in developing economy during the COVID-19 situation. This factor supports the decision-makers to manage data for demand and supply management and helps to survive and sustain in the disruptive environment. The findings of the study will help farmers and supply chain partners to manage the smooth flow of food items from source to end-users during a disruptive environment. The sourcing, manufacturing and delivery methods are needed to be changed with DT inclusion and may support to redesign their internal systems for improvisation. This shorter AFSC will enhance the resilience in AFSCs. Research limitations/implications The emergency situation raised by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought global food security concerns. Adoption of DT across AFSCs can strategically reduce food waste and optimize the demand and supply balance. Originality/value The study aims to build a comprehensive framework by identifying the CSFs to develop resilient and sustainable AFSC amidst COVID-19.

Russian farming will boost exports and replace imports

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Far East ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Sectoral Productivity ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Import Restrictions

Subject Russia's farming sector. Significance Russian agriculture is thriving because of government import restrictions that have greatly reduced foreign competition and encouraged farmers to increase and diversify production. An import-substitution programme has been successful, particularly for vegetables. Meanwhile, the export-oriented grain sector continues to shine, achieving record harvest levels. Any annual dip results from seasonal weather variables, not sectoral productivity. Impacts The protectionist argument may have been won for farming but this does not make it valid for other industries. Rising pork production is at risk from African swine fever, with a reported outbreak in the Russian Far East in August. A plan to issue electronic food coupons to poor people has been repeatedly delayed since 2017 and will now happen after 2020.

China’s food security challenge is chronic, not acute

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
High Degree

Significance Massive pig losses from African swine fever have reduced pork supplies and raised meat prices. The COVID-19 lockdown took a temporary toll on China’s internal distribution of food supplies and farm inputs. Disruption of food imports due to pandemic-related supply chain disruption remains a risk. President Xi Jinping recently warned that China must “must maintain a sense of crisis about food security”. Impacts China has achieved a very high degree of food self-sufficiency for decades; there is no reason to doubt that this will continue. The pandemic and strained China-US relations fundamentally alter the context of Beijing’s future food security strategy. China’s shift towards a protein-rich, toxin-free diet will affect imports of meat for human consumption, and corn and soya for animal feed. Labour and land pressures will mean more capital-intensive production, application of biotechnology, and scaling-up of production.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
P. M. TARANOV ◽  
◽  
A. S. PANASYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Global Food

The authors assess the prospects for solving the global food problem based on an analysis of the dynamics of food security indicators at the global and regional levels. The global food problem at work refers to the growing population of a planet affected by hunger and other forms of malnutrition. The food security situation has worsened for five years - in 2015–2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the food supply problem. The prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity has affected more than 25% of the world's population. In lowincome countries, malnutrition affects more than 58% of the population. Food security is threatened by the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection in the short term. In the medium and long term, climate change and the crisis in the governance of the world economy are the greatest threats. Modern international economic institutions are unable to withstand the prospect of declining global food security.

scholarly journals Social Media Versus Personal Experience in the Consumer’s Apprehension on Imported Food Security and Safety Dilemma

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110074
Author(s):  
Tariq H. Malik ◽  
Jae Chul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Information Quantity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Aquatic Food

South Korea imports a large amount of agricultural and aquatic food products from China, which meets its food security. However, the import from China raises food safety questions, leading to food safety apprehension. We explored the source of the Korean consumer’s apprehension. Based on the apprehension reduction theory (ART) developed from interviews with Korean consumers in the first stage of the study, we conducted a survey to assess the social media as an indirect source of information and direct experience of the consumer in the second stage of the study. We received 504 responses, of which 1/3 of the respondents had visited China in the last year. Using FSS (Food Safety Satisfaction) as the dependent variable (1— low to 5— high), we link information from the social media vis-à-vis direct experience and made three discoveries. (a) The information quantity of social media increases the consumer’s apprehension, partially refuting the ART. (ii) FSS increased in response to information flow from the direct experience of the consumer with Chinese imported food. (c) The direct information from experience mediates the effects of indirect information (social media) on apprehension about agricultural and aquatic product imports. We made three inferences. First, information quantity and quality have separated roles in the ART. Second, social media increases the free-market style information flow, turning legitimate products to illegitimate and vice versa. Third, the collective irrationality from the information quantity needs institutional bricolage to legitimize the chaotic nature of the untamed information.

scholarly journals Structural Insight into African Swine Fever Virus A179L-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Banjara ◽  
Sofia Caria ◽  
Linda K. Dixon ◽  
Mark G. Hinds ◽  
Marc Kvansakul
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antiapoptotic Proteins ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibition

ABSTRACT Programmed cell death is a tightly controlled process critical for the removal of damaged or infected cells. Pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family are pivotal mediators of this process. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus, the only member of the Asfarviridae family, and harbors A179L, a putative Bcl-2 like protein. A179L has been shown to bind to several proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins; however, the hierarchy of binding and the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition are currently not understood. We systematically evaluated the ability of A179L to bind proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and show that A179L is the first antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein to bind to all major death-inducing mammalian Bcl-2 proteins. We then defined the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition of A179L by determining the crystal structures of A179L bound to both Bid and Bax BH3 motifs. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding for the potent antiapoptotic activity of A179L by identifying it as the first panprodeath Bcl-2 binder and serve as a platform for more-detailed investigations into the role of A179L during ASFV infection. IMPORTANCE Numerous viruses have acquired strategies to subvert apoptosis by encoding proteins capable of sequestering proapoptotic host proteins. African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus and the only member of the Asfarviridae family, encodes the protein A179L, which functions to prevent apoptosis. We show that A179L is unusual among antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in being able to physically bind to all core death-inducing mammalian Bcl-2 proteins. Currently, little is known regarding the molecular interactions between A179L and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 members. Using the crystal structures of A179L bound to two of the identified proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, Bid and Bax, we now provide a three-dimensional (3D) view of how A179L sequesters host proapoptotic proteins, which is crucial for subverting premature host cell apoptosis.

Food security in Papua New Guinea: the need to go beyond “business case CSR”

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda de Paiva Duarte ◽  
Benedict Young Imbun
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to canvass the views of villagers from a remote region of Papua New Guinea (PNG) on food security issues in their community and their level of satisfaction with food security initiatives provided by the extractive company that operated on their land. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative design: data gathered through 14 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and a discussion forum with 20 villagers from Pawa. Purposive sampling. Snow-balling method of recruitment. Findings Food security was identified as a growing concern among the villagers, who also expressed dissatisfaction with the food security projects offered through the corporate social responsibility (CSR) program offered by the company operating on their land. Communication problems between company and community and lack of trust were evident. Research limitations/implications Possibility of self-selection bias among participants. The perspective of the company was under-represented. Practical implications The study highlights the need for CSR practitioners to be mindful of the importance of effective communication with local communities. Social Implications The study reveals the importance of meaningful dialogue between company and host communities, which can lead to a more efficient allocation of resources and empowerment of host communities. Originality/value The study bridges a research gap in the field of CSR in developing countries because food security, as a CSR issue in PNG communities, is under-researched. The study contributes to a better understanding of company –community relations in PNG and how these relations can be improved through a more normative approach to CSR. It also highlights the importance of empowering host communities through meaningful dialogue.

Short-term effects of milkshake containing polydextrose and maltodextrin on subjective feelings of appetite, energy intake and blood glucose in healthy females

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Mücahit Alptekin ◽  
Ece Erdoğan ◽  
Aylin İşler ◽  
Esma Cansu Yanalak ◽  
Funda Pınar Çakiroğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Females

Purpose Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption. Findings Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX. Originality/value This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

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