Vacuum degassing plant produces better bearing steel on a large scale

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-27
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

The application of vacuum degassing to bearing steel

JOM ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Church ◽  
T. M. Krebs ◽  
J. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

Effect of vacuum-degassing on the nonmetallic-inclusion content of bearing steel

Metallurgist ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Pilyushenko ◽  
B. P. Krikunov ◽  
Yu. M. Nerovnyi ◽  
A. F. Kablukovskii ◽  
E. F. Mazurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusion ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Inclusion Content ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions with Varied Argon Stirring Condition during Vacuum Degassing Refining of a Bearing Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000364
Author(s):  
Gong Cheng ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Ying Ren ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Xiaolei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

Effect of Nitrogen on the Impact Toughness of the Bearing Steel GCr15

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 948-952
Author(s):  
Ji Chun Yang ◽  
Nan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Secondary Precipitates ◽  
The Impact

In order to explore the influence of the nitrogen concentrations on the impact toughness of the bearing steel GCr15，impact testing has been conducted on the steel samples with variant nitrogen contents (0.1-0.3 wt.%) on the tester JB－30B, and the fracture morphology of the samples after impact was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicate that the impact toughness of the steel GCr15 with 0.1 wt.% nitrogen exhibits the lowest values with typical quasi-cleavage feature. The steel GCr15 with 0.2 wt.% nitrogen presents the maximum values in impact toughness associated with significant plastic deformation, suggesting ductile nature. The steel with 0.3 wt.% nitrogen presents a quasi-cleavage feature, and micro cracks observed beside the secondary precipitates. The impact toughness values of the steel with 0.3 wt.% nitrogen are higher than that with 0.1 wt.% nitrogen and lower than with 0.2 wt.% nitrogen. The results are valuable for a large-scale bench marked industrial manufacture of the bearing steel GCr15 with the optimized nitrogen concentrations.

scholarly journals Preliminary Research on Response of GCr15 Bearing Steel under Cyclic Compression

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3443
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Zheng ◽  
Yongzhen Zhang ◽  
Sanming Du
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Cyclic Compression ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship

During the bearing service, a series of microstructural evolutions will arise inside the material, such as the appearance of feature microstructures. The essential reason for the microstructural evolution is the cumulative effect of cyclic stress. The Hertz Contact formula is usually adopted to calculate the internal stress, and there is a correlation between the shape and distribution of the feature microstructure and the stress distribution. But it is insufficient to explain the relationship between the morphology of feature microstructures and the rolling direction, such as specific angles in butterfly and white etching bands. The rolling phenomenon will cause the asymmetry of stress distribution in the material, which is the source of the rolling friction coefficient. Moreover, slipping or microslip will produce additional stress components, which also cause the asymmetry of the stress field. However, there is no experimental or theoretical explanation for the relationship between the asymmetry of the stress field and the feature microstructure. According to the current theory, the appearance of feature microstructures is caused by stress with or without rolling. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the formation mechanism: whether feature microstructures will appear in the uniaxial cyclic compression stress field without rolling. In this paper, uniaxial cyclic compressive stress was loaded into a plate-ball system and a cylinder system. The characteristics of microstructural change of bearing steel (GCr15) were studied. It was found that the hardness of the material increased after the cyclic compressive load, and the inclusions interacted with the matrix material. In the local microregion a white etching area was found, although the scale is very small. No large-scale feature microstructures appeared. Other phenomena in the experiment are also described and analyzed. For example, the production of oil film in the contact area and the changing law of alternating load.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

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