Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions with Varied Argon Stirring Condition during Vacuum Degassing Refining of a Bearing Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000364
Author(s):  
Gong Cheng ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Ying Ren ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Xiaolei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

The application of vacuum degassing to bearing steel

JOM ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Church ◽  
T. M. Krebs ◽  
J. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

Effect of vacuum-degassing on the nonmetallic-inclusion content of bearing steel

Metallurgist ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Pilyushenko ◽  
B. P. Krikunov ◽  
Yu. M. Nerovnyi ◽  
A. F. Kablukovskii ◽  
E. F. Mazurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusion ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Inclusion Content ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

scholarly journals Effect of the Al2O3 Content in the Slag on the Chemical Reactions and Nonmetallic Inclusions during Electroslag Remelting

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1904-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold S. E. Schneider ◽  
Manuel Molnar ◽  
Gerald Klösch ◽  
Christopher Schüller
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Electroslag Remelting ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions

Abstract The service life of roller bearings is extremely sensitive to large and hard nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs), requesting the highest standards in their production. To determine the metallurgical possibilities, the effect of Al2O3 contents between 0 and 33 pct in the remelting slag was investigated by remelting a roller bearing steel in an experimental electroslag remelting (ESR) plant. Thereby, changes in the chemical composition of the materials (electrode vs ingots) and in the remelting slag during remelting, as well as the amount and composition of the NMIs prior to and after remelting, were investigated. Changes in the chemical composition can largely be explained by equilibrium reactions between the slag and the metal, thereby low Al contents in the remelted materials could only be achieved with the lowest Al2O3 contents in the slag. Furthermore, higher Al2O3 contents in the slag also lead to higher oxygen and sulfur contents in the steel as well as higher amounts of NMIs after remelting. The composition of the NMIs changed from alumina type for high Al2O3 contents to spinel type and other mixed MgO-SiO2 oxides for low Al2O3 contents. The results indicate solutions for the production of bearing steels with the lowest amounts of undesired large and hard NMIs.

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