The application of vacuum degassing to bearing steel

JOM ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Church ◽  
T. M. Krebs ◽  
J. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

Effect of vacuum-degassing on the nonmetallic-inclusion content of bearing steel

Metallurgist ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Pilyushenko ◽  
B. P. Krikunov ◽  
Yu. M. Nerovnyi ◽  
A. F. Kablukovskii ◽  
E. F. Mazurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusion ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Inclusion Content ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions with Varied Argon Stirring Condition during Vacuum Degassing Refining of a Bearing Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000364
Author(s):  
Gong Cheng ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Ying Ren ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Xiaolei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Vacuum Degassing

The microstructure change of low-carbon electrical steels by residual aluminum

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
C.K. Hou ◽  
C.T. Hu ◽  
Sanboh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
To Come

The fully processed low-carbon electrical steels are generally fabricated through vacuum degassing to reduce the carbon level and to avoid the need for any further decarburization annealing treatment. This investigation was conducted on eighteen heats of such steels with aluminum content ranging from 0.001% to 0.011% which was believed to come from the addition of ferroalloys.The sizes of all the observed grains are less than 24 μm, and gradually decrease as the content of aluminum is increased from 0.001% to 0.007%. For steels with residual aluminum greater than 0. 007%, the average grain size becomes constant and is about 8.8 μm as shown in Fig. 1. When the aluminum is increased, the observed grains are changed from the uniformly coarse and equiaxial shape to the fine size in the region near surfaces and the elongated shape in the central region. SEM and EDAX analysis of large spherical inclusions in the matrix indicate that silicate is the majority compound when the aluminum propotion is less than 0.003%, then the content of aluminum in compound inclusion increases with that in steel.

Spray-Formed Bearing Steel with High Oxide Cleanliness and Small and Fine Dispersed Inclusions*

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schulz ◽  
W. Trojahn ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
V. Uhlenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Dispersed Inclusions

CABOT ESR HY 140

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Cabot Corporation ◽  
Furnace Melting ◽  
Minimum Yield ◽  
Electroslag Refining

Abstract Cabot ESR HY 140 is a 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V alloy steel produced by electric-furnace melting, vacuum degassing and electroslag remelting (ESR) by use of small-heat-size technology. Electroslag refining improves cleanliness and lowers the sulfur content to provide improved isotropy, ductility and toughness. This steel is capable of developing a minimum yield strength of 140,000 psi with an optimum combination of hardenability, temperability, weldability, formability, toughness and fatigue properties. It meets many special requirements for petrochemical applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-358. Producer or source: Cabot Corporation, Machinery Division.

Effects of structural inhomogeneities on the steel balls resistance to loading

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
O. B. Berdnik ◽  
I. N. Tsareva ◽  
L. A. Krivina ◽  
S. V. Kirikov ◽  
S. I. Gerasimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Steel Shkh15 ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
High Shock ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Plasticity Coefficient ◽  
Microstructure Of The Material

When conducting impact tests of protective glasses, nonunique cases of destruction of balls made of bearing steel ShKh15 were recorded. The causes of their destruction were determined. The state of the material was studied by fractographic and metallographic analysis, hardness and microhardness measurement. In the structure of the metal of all the balls, no critical defects were found such as flockens, shells and microcracks, but adverse factors were detected in the microstructure of the material, namely, the presence of fineneedle martensite with excessive carbides. It is established that the detected structural factors lead to liability to brittle fracture, an increase in the hardness of the material, a decrease in plasticity. To prevent brittle fracture of the balls and provide a reserve of plasticity of steel ShKh15 at high shock loads assessment calculations of ductility coefficient were made; and it was recommended to limit the maximum hardness of the material critical value HV=5.70 HPa (54 HRC), with the corresponding plasticity coefficient equal to 0.8.

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