Compatible and Incompatible Rhizobia Alter Membrane Potentials of Soybean Root Cells

Tibor Érsek; Anton Novacky; Steven G. Pueppke

doi:10.1104/pp.82.4.1115

Investigations of growth-promoting factors in conditioned soybean root cells and in the liquid medium in which they grow: ammonium, glutamine, and amino acids

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b74-226 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 1747-1755 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. A. Sargent ◽

J. King

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Root Cells ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Haplopappus Gracilis ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Cells Cultured

Cells cultured in sterile, liquid media from a number of Phaseolus spp., soybean cotyledons, shoots, and roots and from rice explants grew, in terms of dry-weight increase, much better in the presence of NH4+ and NO3− as sources of nitrogen than with NO3− alone. Other cultures tested, including other legumes, either did not respond positively to added NH4+ or, as in the case of Haplopappus gracilis cells, grew better in its absence.Earlier it had been shown that soybean (Glycine max. L. cv. Mandarin) root cells grew better in the presence of NH4+ than in its absence and that 'conditioning' substances were produced by cells and excreted into the medium between about the 15th and 35th h of incubation. These observations and those above with other cell cultures led to the initiation of an investigation of why some cells respond to NH4+ while others do not.This investigation has so far taken the form of an analysis of nitrogenous compounds in soybean root cells and in the NH4+-containing medium in which they were grown during 120 h of incubation and especially after 24 h of incubation, the time of maximum production of growth-enhancing ability in both cells and medium.Growth enhancement can be accounted for, apparently, by the occurrence of residual NH4+ in conditioned medium and by the presumed occurrence of NH4+ in cells. However, glutamine and its derivatives are implicated in the conditioning process.

Download Full-text

Auxin Transport in Suspension-Cultured Soybean Root Cells

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.96.1.192 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew T. Loper ◽

Roger M. Spanswick

Keyword(s):

Auxin Transport ◽

Root Cells ◽

Soybean Root

Download Full-text

Effects of beauvericin on root cell transmembrane electric potential, electrolyte leakage and respiration of maize roots with different susceptibility to Fusarium

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3539-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 492-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Pavlovkin ◽

I. Mistríková ◽

M. Luxová ◽

I. Mistrík

Keyword(s):

Electric Potential ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Membrane Potentials ◽

Root Cell ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Root Cells ◽

Membrane Conductivity ◽

Maize Roots

Effect of beauvericin on root cell transmembrane electric potential (EM), electrolyte leakage and respiration of roots were studied in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) with different susceptibility to this toxigenic metabolite produced by Fusarium. Beauvericin treatment induced rapid and significant depolarisation of membrane potentials of the outer cortical cells of maize roots of tolerant cv. Lucia. The range of depolarisation was dose dependent with maximum depolarisation of 55 mV (55 ± 7 mV, n = 7) at 200µM beauvericin. In contrast, membrane potentials of beauvericin susceptible cv. Pavla was only slightly depolarised by identical concentrations of beauvericin and the value of depolarisation represented only half of the value of tolerant cv. Lucia (27 ± 6 mV, n = 8). The values of membrane potentials of root cells of tolerant cv. Lucia were higher (137 ± 9 mV, n = 26) and more electrogenic (60 ± 2 mV, n = 3) than in susceptible cv. Pavla (125 ± 7 mV, n = 28), (47 ± 2 mV, n = 3), respectively. Our results confirmed that 2 h treatment with 50µM beauvericin does not cause irreversible changes in plasma membrane H+-ATPase, because fusicoccin, an H+-ATPase activator diminished the depolarizing effect of beauvericin on the EM. Further experiments revealed beauvericin-induced increase of membrane conductivity in root cells of Pavla but not in root cells of Lucia. Time-coarse experiments showed that 25µM beauvericin induced slight, but significant inhibition of root respiration in both cultivars during the first two hours of treatment, and the inhibition was higher in cv. Lucia than in cv. Pavla. The depolarisation of EM in the outer cortical cells of maize roots may be the result of a cumulative effect of beauvericin on ATP supply, activity of H+-ATPase and mainly on the permeability of plasmalemma. Increased beauvericin tolerance in maize might be associated with the increased ability of tolerant plant to maintain normal ion fluxes and membrane potentials across the plasmalemma of root cells in the presence of beauvericin.

Download Full-text

Endoplasmic Reticulum Forms a Dynamic Continuum for Lipid Diffusion between Contiguous Soybean Root Cells.

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.5.1.25 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 25-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

S. Grabski ◽

A. W. De Feijter ◽

M. Schindler

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Root Cells ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Lipid Diffusion

Download Full-text

Endoplasmic Reticulum Forms a Dynamic Continuum for Lipid Diffusion between Contiguous Soybean Root Cells

The Plant Cell ◽

10.2307/3869425 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sharon Grabski ◽

Adriaan W. de Feijter ◽

Melvin Schindler

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Root Cells ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Lipid Diffusion

Download Full-text

Membrane Potentials in Carrot Root Cells

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9770241 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.P Anderson ◽

R.N Robertson ◽

B.J Wright

Keyword(s):

Membrane Potentials ◽

Xylem Parenchyma ◽

Carrot Root ◽

Root Cells ◽

Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽

Electrogenic Transport ◽

Carbonyl Cyanide ◽

External Conditions ◽

Complete Nutrient Solution ◽

Single Exponential

Membrane potentials in carrot root xylem parenchyma cells, aged for at least 5 days after excision from the parent organ, were measured under a variety of external conditions by standard intracellular electrode methods. The respiration blocking agents cyanide and carbon monoxide (in the dark) produced large (up to 90 mV) depolarizations which could be described by single exponential decay curves having rate constants (or half-times) of 0.065 s-1 (t*1/2 = 10.8 s) and 0.094 s-1 (t*1/2 = 7.4 s) respectively. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone caused a single exponential membrane depolarization with a rate constant of 0.0054 s-1(t*1/2 = 126 s). These effects are thought to reflect the action of an active electrogenic H+ extrusion pump at the plasmalemma. A second, minor electrogenic transport, causing depolarization of about 10 mV in the restlng state, and due to an obligate electrogenic coupling to Cl- influx has been confirmed in KCl-pretreated tissue. In tissue pretreated in more complete nutrient solution, there is no evidence of a Cl- -coupled electrogenic exchange. This seems to be the first report of two independent electrogenic mechanisms operating in a plant cell and, interestingly, they act in opposite senses, the major H+ extrusion causing membrane hyperpolarization, the minor Cl- -influx-coupled exchange causing depolarization, in the normal resting cell.

Download Full-text

Invasion of Soybean Root Cells in Culture by Rhizobium japonicum.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011653x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

Dan Raveed ◽

Minocher Reporter ◽

Grace Norris

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Rhizobium Japonicum ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Extracellular Material ◽

Root Cells ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Soybean Cell

The initiation of association between cultured soybean root cells and Rhizobia shows specificity under proper conditions of culture. The establishment of these culture conditions for symbiotic association have been described previously. The compatible plant cells produced a filamentous extracellular material which was capable of trapping Rhizobia. Non-compatible cells did not produce extracellular material and were not invaded. In this presentation we have followed the effect of Rhizobial invasion on the wall morphology of the soybean root cells in suspension cultures. Changes in the morphology of the soybean cell walls were then examined as follows.Harosoy root cells were grown in liquid culture in Gamborg's B-5 medium for two weeks. Rhizobium japonicum strain 138 was added to the culture for another 3 days. For this purpose, fixation was carried out by adding glutaraldehyde to the medium to a final concentration of 2%. The cell clumps were fixed 1 hr.

Download Full-text

Amino acid transport systems of cultured soybean root cells

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-233 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (18) ◽

pp. 2088-2091 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J. King ◽

Rozina Hirji

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Acid Transport ◽

Root Cells ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Neutral Amino Acids ◽

Glycine Max L

The uptake of 1 μM14C-labelled arginine, glutamate, and alanine by cultured soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Mandarin) root cells was followed for periods up to 4 min at pH 5.5 in the presence of a 10 μM concentration of other amino compounds. From the degree of competition between 14C-labelled and unlabelled amino acids a number of uptake systems for basic, acidic, and neutral amino acids were identified, and a number of problems associated with amino acid transport in soybean cells were uncovered.

Download Full-text