scholarly journals Hydrolytic Enzymes in the Central Vacuole of Plant Cells

1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Boller ◽  
Hans Kende
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole

Enzyme der Vakuolen aus Wurzelzellen von Maiskeimlingen. Ein Beitrag zur funktionellen Bedeutung der Vakuole bei der intrazellulären Verdauung

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Matile
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Centrifugal Field ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Intracellular Digestion

The isolation of vacuoles from rootlets of corn seedlings based on the slicing and chopping of the plasmolized tissue is described. The isolated vacuoles have densities higher than 1,029 g cm-3; in the centrifugal field they rapidly move centripetally if the extracts are brought to a density of 1,185 g cm-3 by the addition of 30% of “Urografine”. Thus a simple separation of isolated vacuoles from the extracts could be achieved.The following hydrolytic enzymes have been localized in isolated vacuoles: protease, RNase, DNase, phosphatase and two different unspecific esterases. Furthermore two transaminases, aspartate and alanine-aminotransferase and two oxyreductases cytochrome-c-reductase and diaphorase are present in preparations of isolated vacuoles. The absence of mitochondrial enzymes and of enzymes known to be localized in the groundplasm indicated the purity of the preparations of vacuoles.It is concluded that the vacuoles of higher plant cells represent organelles in which the processes of intracellular digestion take place.

Trafficking of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate from the trans-Golgi Network to the Lumen of the Central Vacuole in Plant Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Heon Kim ◽  
Young-Jae Eu ◽  
Cheol Min Yoo ◽  
Yong-Woo Kim ◽  
Kyeong Tae Pih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Trans Golgi Network ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

scholarly journals STUDIES OF THE INNER AND OUTER PROTOPLASMIC SURFACES OF LARGE PLANT CELLS

1944 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Large Plant ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Mechanical Disturbance ◽  
Outer Protoplasmic Surface

The vacuolar surface of Nitella is covered with a non-aqueous film too thin to be visible as a separate membrane. The motion of the protoplasm may subject this film to a good deal of mechanical disturbance. Apparently this does not rupture the film for no dye escapes into the protoplasm as the result of such disturbance when the vacuolar sap is deeply stained with neutral red or brilliant cresyl blue. When the deeply stained central vacuole breaks up into several smaller vacuoles, leaving the outer protoplasmic surface in its normal position, there is no evidence of the escape of dye into the protoplasm through the film surrounding the vacuole.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF THE INNER AND OUTER PROTOPLASMIC SURFACES OF LARGE PLANT CELLS

1943 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Large Plant ◽  
Protoplasmic Surface

In Nitella, Chara, Hydrodictyon, and Valonia the inner and outer non-aqueous protoplasmic surface layers can be separated by certain plasmolytic agents which penetrate the outer surface more rapidly than the inner and hence raise the osmotic pressure of the protoplasm lying between them and cause it to increase in thickness by taking up water from the central vacuole. We may therefore conclude that the two surfaces differ. This idea is confirmed by earlier electrical measurements which show that when sap is placed outside the cell the chain See PDF for Structure produces an E.M.F. of several millivolts.

scholarly journals The degradation of potato virus M (PVM) particles in plant cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Lycopersicon Chilense ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Large Central Vacuole ◽  
Potato Virus M

Degradation of potato virus M particles was observed in the cells of <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>, <i>Solanum rostratum</i>, <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> and <i>Lycopersicon chilense</i> plants infected with this virus. PVM particles found in the cytoplasm of infected parenchyma cells grouped together in the form of inclusions, often found near the tonoplast. The ends of the virus particles and the tonoplast came into close contact. Cytoplasmic protrusions containing PVM particles, reaching into vacuoles were formed in those places. In addition to a large central vacuole, small vacuoles were observed in cells containing PVM particles. Various stages of degradation of cytoplasmic protrusions were observed both in the large and small vacuoles.

THE PLANT VACUOLE.

1992 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Taiz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Proton Motive Force ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Plant Vacuole

Plant cells are unique in containing large acidic vacuoles which occupy most of the cell volume. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is the enzyme responsible for acidifying the central vacuole, although it is also present on Golgi and coated vesicles. Many secondary transport processes are driven by the proton-motive force generated by the V-ATPase, including reactions required for osmoregulation, homeostasis, storage, plant defense and many other functions. However, a second proton pump, the V-PPase, serves as a potential back-up system and may, in addition, pump potassium. The plant V-ATPase is structurally similar to other eukaryotic V-ATPases and its subunits appear to be encoded by small multigene families. These multigene families may play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and in the sorting of V-ATPase isoforms to different organelles.

The drug probenecid inhibits the vacuolar accumulation of fluorescent anions in onion epidermal cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563
Author(s):  
K. J. OPARKA ◽  
E. A. MURANT ◽  
K. M. WEIGHT ◽  
D. A. M. PRIOR ◽  
N. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Endosomal Membrane ◽  
Lucifer Yellow Ch ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Onion Epidermal Cells

The drug probenecid has been shown to inhibit the vacuolar accumulation of a range of fluorescent anions with differing pKa values (Lucifer Yellow CH, Cascade Blue hydrazide, sulphorhodamine G, carboxyfluorescein, FITC) in onion epidermal cells. In the absence of the drug, uptake occurred into the vacuole and was sensitive to extracellular pH. In the presence of the drug, the dyes accumulated exclusively in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Probenecid also induced vesiculation of the tonoplast and caused the cytoplasm to become polar, both of these structural changes being reversible by removal of the drug. In the case of the permeant FITC molecule, probenecid inhibited net uptake into the epidermal cells, and addition of the drug to cells that had already accumulated dye in the central vacuole resulted in rapid dye leakage across the tonoplast. However, the other more impermeant probes failed to leak to the cytoplasm once they had accumulated in the vacuole, even after prolonged exposures to probenecid. The data are discussed in the light of recent evidence for probenecid-sensitive carriers capable of transporting fluorescent anions across the endosomal membrane of macrophages and in relation to the concept of a detoxification system for the sequestration of xenobiotic anions by plant cells

scholarly journals Trafficking of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate from the trans-Golgi Network to the Lumen of the Central Vacuole in Plant Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Heon Kim ◽  
Young-Jae Eu ◽  
Cheol Min Yoo ◽  
Yong-Woo Kim ◽  
Kyeong Tae Pih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Trans Golgi Network ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

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