scholarly journals Innate Immunity Signaling: Cytosolic Ca2+ Elevation Is Linked to Downstream Nitric Oxide Generation through the Action of Calmodulin or a Calmodulin-Like Protein

2008 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 818-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ma ◽  
Andries Smigel ◽  
Yu-Chang Tsai ◽  
Janet Braam ◽  
Gerald A. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Innate Immunity

The role of nitric oxide in innate immunity

2000 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bogdan ◽  
Martin Rollinghoff ◽  
Andreas Diefenbach
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Innate Immunity

scholarly journals RETRACTED: Gut-Colonizing Bacteria Promote C. elegans Innate Immunity by Producing Nitric Oxide

Cell Reports ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Cheng-Gang Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Tuberculosis: New Aspects of an Old Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Jordao ◽  
Otilia V. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Phagosome Maturation ◽  
The World

Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease that remains a threat for public health around the world. Although the etiological agent as well as tuberculosis pathogenesis is well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host defense to the bacilli remain elusive. In this paper we focus on the innate immunity of this disease reviewing well-established and consensual mechanisms likeMycobacterium tuberculosisinterference with phagosome maturation, less consensual mechanism like nitric oxide production, and new mechanisms, such as mycobacteria translocation to the cytosol, autophagy, and apoptosis/necrosis proposed mainly during the last decade.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pyogenes Arginine and Citrulline Catabolism Promotes Infection and Modulates Innate Immunity

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary T. Cusumano ◽  
Michael E. Watson ◽  
Michael G. Caparon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cutaneous Tissue

ABSTRACTA bacterium's ability to acquire nutrients from its host during infection is an essential component of pathogenesis. For the Gram-positive pathogenStreptococcus pyogenes, catabolism of the amino acid arginine via the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway supplements energy production and provides protection against acid stressin vitro. Its expression is enhanced in murine models of infection, suggesting an important rolein vivo. To gain insight into the function of the ADI pathway in pathogenesis, the virulence of mutants defective in each of its enzymes was examined. Mutants unable to use arginine (ΔArcA) or citrulline (ΔArcB) were attenuated for carriage in a murine model of asymptomatic mucosal colonization. However, in a murine model of inflammatory infection of cutaneous tissue, the ΔArcA mutant was attenuated but the ΔArcB mutant was hyperattenuated, revealing an unexpected tissue-specific role for citrulline metabolism in pathogenesis. When mice defective for the arginine-dependent production of nitric oxide (iNOS−/−) were infected with the ΔArcA mutant, cutaneous virulence was rescued, demonstrating that the ability ofS. pyogenesto utilize arginine was dispensable in the absence of nitric oxide-mediated innate immunity. This work demonstrates the importance of arginine and citrulline catabolism and suggests a novel mechanism of virulence by whichS. pyogenesuses its metabolism to modulate innate immunity through depletion of an essential host nutrient.

scholarly journals Glycolytic Dependency of High-Level Nitric Oxide Resistance and Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Vitko ◽  
Nicole A. Spahich ◽  
Anthony R. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
No Production ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a prolific human pathogen capable of causing severe invasive disease with a myriad of presentations. The ability ofS. aureusto cause infection is strongly linked with its capacity to overcome the effects of innate immunity, whether by directly killing immune cells or expressing factors that diminish the impact of immune effectors. One such scenario is the induction of lactic acid fermentation byS. aureusin response to host nitric oxide (NO·). This fermentative activity allowsS. aureusto balance redox during NO·-induced respiration inhibition. However, little is known about the metabolic substrates and pathways that support this activity. Here, we identify glycolytic hexose catabolism as being essential forS. aureusgrowth in the presence of high levels of NO·. We determine that glycolysis supportsS. aureusNO· resistance by allowing for ATP and precursor metabolite production in a redox-balanced and respiration-independent manner. We further demonstrate that glycolysis is required for NO· resistance during phagocytosis and that increased levels of extracellular glucose limit the effectiveness of phagocytic killing by enhancing NO· resistance. Finally, we demonstrate thatS. aureusglycolysis is essential for virulence in both sepsis and skin/soft tissue models of infection in a time frame consistent with the induction of innate immunity and host NO· production.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureusis a leading human bacterial pathogen capable of causing a wide variety of diseases that, as a result of antibiotic resistance, are very difficult to treat. The frequency ofS. aureustissue invasion suggests that this bacterium has evolved to resist innate immunity and grow using the nutrients present in otherwise sterile host tissue. We have identified glycolysis as an essential component ofS. aureusvirulence and attribute its importance to promoting nitric oxide resistance and growth under low oxygen conditions. Our data suggest that diabetics, a patient population characterized by excess serum glucose, may be more susceptible toS. aureusas a result of increased glucose availability. Furthermore, the essential nature ofS. aureusglycolysis indicates that a newly developed glycolysis inhibitor may be a highly effective treatment forS. aureusinfections.

The role of nitric oxide in lung innate immunity: Modulation by surfactant protein-A

2002 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Philip O’Reilly ◽  
Judy M. Hickman-Davis ◽  
Philip McArdle ◽  
K. Randall Young ◽  
Sadis Matalon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Surfactant Protein A ◽  
Lung Innate Immunity
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